Dioscorides, Pedanius. 1C. Greek physician and pharmacologist. De Materia Medica used to 16C.

Disarmament Conference. 1932-4. 60 Nations fail to agree due to Hitler’s rise in Germany.

Draft Riots. 1863. New York City workers vs Union army draft laws.

Drake, Francis. 1540-96. English pirate/explorer. Sailed around the world 1580. Vice Admiral at defeat of Spanish Armada, 1588. Privateers.

Dreadnought. 1905-22. Class of British battleship. Started arms race 1907-14. Jutland. Two-Power Standard.

Dust Bowl. 1930s. US plains suffered erosion, dust storms, due to drought, wind, poor farm practice.

Dutch Revolt. 1566-79. Calvinist north vs Spanish Hapsburgs. United Provinces. Spanish Armada.

Eisenhower, Dwight D. 1890-1969. Commander-in-Chief of Allied Armies in Europe 1943-5. US president 1953-61.

Enclosure. Land divided, fenced for better yield, causing hardships for smaller farmers, peasants. English 15-16, 18-19C, Europe 18-20C.

Erzberger, Matthias. 1875-1921. German statesman. Led signing of 1918 Armistice.

Eugène of Savoy, Prince. 1663-1736. French General of H.R. Imperial armies. Defeated Turks in Vienna and Hungary.

Europe, Council of. 1949-. To protect common heritage, human rights and harmonize legislation by replacing bilateral treaties.

European Defence Community. 1950-54. Failed attempt at continental army.

Fabius, Quintus. -203BC. Consul. Saved Rome from Hannibal by delaying battles, allowing army to recover 218-.

Fairfax, Thomas. 1612-71. English Parliamentarian Civil War general. Commander-in-Chief of New Model Army. Victor at Marston Moor.

Farmers-General. 17C French financiers who bought right to collect taxes for a fixed fee.

Firearms. 1247 used at Siege of Seville.1327 Edward III uses canon vs Scots. 1364 Perugia First handguns. 1640 Flintlock.

Fizeau, Armand. 1819-96. French physicist. Measured speed of light, 1849.

Foreign Legion. 1831-. French army unit of foreign volunteers, French officers founded in Algeria.

Fourier, Charles. 1772-1837. French socialist philosopher. His utopia was attempted in US, Brook Farm, a voluntary cooperative.

Gascogne. Armagnac.

Gladiators. 264BC-5C. Roman armed combatants for entertainment.

Gloire. 1859. French. World’s first armour-plated vessel.

Grand Army of the Republic. 1866-1956. Political organization of American Civil War veterans.

Granger Movement. 19C. US farmers’ co-ops, political lobbies.

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