Balkan League. 1912-13. Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece, and Montenegro. Balkan Wars.

Balkans. Inhabited c6000BC. 6C BC Illyria. 148BC Rome(Illyricum)(N). 285 Byzantine(E). 4-7C Goths, Avars, Huns, Ostrogoths, Lombards, Slavs, Bulgars, Serbs invade. 890 Bulgar Empire. 1159 Serbian empire. 1389 Ottoman. 1699 Austria(E,N)/Venice(S,W). 19C Eastern Question. Albania. Bosnia-Herzegovina. Bulgaria. Croatia. Greece. Macedonia. Montenegro. Romania. Serbia. Slovenia. Yugoslavia.

Baltic Entente. 1923-39. Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania agreement for mutual defence vs Germany and Russia.

Baptists. 1608-. Congregationalist Christian church. Baptism for believers only, (not infants).

Barbarians. Greek = foreigners. Roman term for Goths, Huns and Vandals who conquered Western Empire 3-6C.

Barbès, Armand. 1809-70. French Republican.

Barrès, Maurice. 1862-1923. French writer, politician. la Colline inspirée 1913.

Basel, Peace. 1499. Holy Roman Empire grants Swiss independence.

Basil, St. 330-79. Founder of Basilians...Greek Orthodox Church.

Basque. Europe’s oldest racial group. NW Spain, SW France. Euzkadi. ETA.

Bauer, Sebastian. 1822-75. Invented submarine, 1850. First underwater photography.

Bauhaus. 1919-33. German art institute. ’Arts and sciences should cooperate in architecture’ -Gropius.

Bayer, Johann. 1572-1625. German astronomer. Star charts, 1603, include magnitude Greek symbols.

Beatles. 1960-71. Liverpool pop group.

Beaufort, Francis. 1774-1857. English hydrographer: wind scale 1805.

Becket, St. Thomas à. 1118-70. Archbishop of Canterbury 1162-, murdered in Cathedral by Henry II’s knights.

Behistun Inscription. 520BC. Trilingual carving used by Grotefend to decipher cuneiform.

Belgrade, Treaty. 1739. Ottoman Empire ends wars with Austria and Russia. Limits Russian ships on Black Sea.

Bell, Alexander Graham. 1847-1922. Scottish/ US inventor of the telephone 1876. Gray. Reis.

Benedict XIII. c1328-1423. Antipope 1394-1417. Great Schism.

Bentham, Jeremy. 1748-1832. English Utilitarian philosopher, jurist. Principles of Morals and Legislation 1789. Fragment on Government 1776.“Greatest happiness for the greatest number”.

Berlin Conference. 1884. Bismarck called 15 nations to resolve African issues. Congo granted independence. Slavery suppressed.

Berlin Congress. 1878. Bulgaria divided, independence for Romania, Serbia. Turkey gains Macedonia. Russia gains Armenia. Britain gains Cyprus. Revised San Stefano treaty.

Berliner, Emil. 1851-1929. Microphone 1877. Disk phonograph record 1887.

Berlioz, Hector. 1803-1869. French Romantic composer. Grandiose themes directly from feelings.Symph. Fantastique 1830. Romeo and Juliette 1839. Treatise on Orchestration 1844. Damnation of Faust 1846.

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