Republic. Government vesting power in representatives who govern for the good of the people.

Republic, Council of the. 1917. Russian provisional government. Eliminated by Bolsheviks.

Republic French. 1792-1804 First. 1848-52 Second. Napoleon III. 1870-1940 Third. 1946-58. Fourth. 23 governments in 12 years. 1958-. Fifth. DeGaulle.

Russian Revolution. 1905. Led to Duma, Constitution and end of Mir system. Police gradually regained authority. October Manifesto. Bloody Sunday. 1917 Feb: Liberal republicans overthrow Czar. Oct: Lenin’s Bolsheviks overthrow Kerensky’s Provisional Government, withdraw from WWI.

Schleswig-Holstein. S: 975 HRE. 1027 Denmark. H: 800 Saxony. 12C Schaumburg dynasty. 1386 + S. S-H: 1460 Denmark. 1848 Self-government. 1864 Prussia/Denmark. 1867 Prussia. 1920 Denmark(N)/ Germany(S)(most).

Sigurdsson, Jon. 1811-79. Icelandic statesman. Led self-government movement.

Sikorski, Wladyslaw. 1881-1943. Polish general, Prime Minister. Headed WWII government in exile.

Socialism, Utopian. Saint-Simon’s concept of government redistributing wealth according to capacity and performance.

Spencer, Herbert. 1820-1903. English evolutionist philosopher. “Survival of the fittest.” Associationism. Anti-socialism, “Best government is the least government.” The Synthetic Philosophy 1860-96. Liberal Utilitarianism.

St Peter’s. 1506-1615. Vatican Basilica. World’s largest. Tomb of St Peter. Bramante. Michelangelo. Raphael. Model for many government buildings.

States General. French Representative Assembly. 1302 First summoned by Philip IV. 14-15C Controlled taxes; failed to control government. 1789 last summoned by Louis XVI. 1=Clergy. 2=Nobility. 3=Bourgeoisie.

Stavisky Affair. 1933-4. French scandal. Fraudulent bonds sold. Belief in government corruption causes riots.

Tasmania. 1642 Tasman discovers = Van Diemen’s Land. 1803-52 British penal settlement. 1856 Self-government = Tasmania. 1901 Australia.

Thaw, the. 1954-7. Relaxed government control on Soviet literature.

Theocracy. Government by God through clergy.

Tito, Josip Broz. 1892-1980. Yugoslav WWII Partisan leader. Led government 1945-. President 1953-, for life 1974-. Defied Stalin 1948.

Totalitarianism. Government which tries to fully control life of citizens. Fascist Italy. Nazi Germany. Communist Russia.

Transkei. Bantu territory of South Africa. 1962 Self government. 1976 Independence recognized, but only by South Africa.

Transvaal. Bantu. 1836 Boers settle. Great Trek. 1855 South African Republic. 1877 British. 1881 Self-government. 1900 British. 1907 Self-governed. 1910 Union of South Africa.

Uncle Sam. Personification of US government first appeared in Troy Post based on “Uncle” Sam Wilson who supplied army beef stamped US 1813.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights. 1948. United Nations list of rights to be accorded people by their governments. Rejected by USSR, China, Poland, Yugoslavia, Ukraine, South Africa, Saudi Arabia, many Moslem countries. Signed by Russia, 1996.

Vichy. Seat of Pétain’s pro-German government, 1940-44 in unoccupied southern France. Source of waters famous since Roman times.

Abdul Rahman, Tunku. 1903-90. First Prime Minister of independent Malaya 1957-70. United Malay, Chinese, Indian factions.

Afghanistan. c200BC Aryan. 6C BC Achaemenid. 330 Alexander...Seleucid/ Maurya. 2C BC Persia/ India/ Parthia/ Kushan. 7C Arab (NW). 750 Persia (W)/ Hindu (E). 1219 Mongol...Timurid. 1525 Mogul. 1737 Persia. 1747 Monarchy. 19 C Britain/Russia dispute 1880 British suzerainty. 1919 Independent. 1973 Marxist coup, Republic. 1978 Communist coup. 1979 Russian occupation. 1989 Mujahideen expel Russians aided by CIA. 1990s Warlords. 2001 US attack Taliban.

Aga Khan III. 1877-1957. Indian Moslem leader. President, League of Nations, Gen Assembly, 1937.

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