Martial, Marcus. c40-103. Roman epigrammatic poet.

Martin, St. c316-97. Bishop of Tours. Introduced monasticism to France. French patron saint.

Martin I, St. Pope 649-55. Convoked Lateran Council to debate Monothelitism.

Martin V. 1368-1431. Pope 1417-. Election ended Great Schism.

Martov, L. 1873-1923. Russian Menshevik leader.

Mary Stuart. 1542-87. Queen of Scots 1542-67. Abdicated. Married Francis II. Queen of France 1559-60. Married Darnley 1565. Married Bothwell 1567, causing Scottish Revolt. Beheaded with Babington by Elizabeth I. Mother of James I.

Massachussets Bay Co. 1620-84. English charter company established Theocracy in Mass. Charter annulled 1684. Plymouth Colony.

Materialism. All nature is describable as moving particles. Mind is the result of physical activity in the brain. Büchner. Diderot. Hobbes. Marx. Epicureans.

Mathieu, Albert. 1802. Suggested English Channel Tunnel to Napoleon.

Matsuoka, Yosuke. 1880-1946. Japanese foreign minister 1940. Tripartite Pact with Germany, Italy.

Maximilian I. 1756-1825. Bavarian king 1806-. Allied with Napoleon. Consolidated Bavaria. Opposed German unification.

McCarthy, Joseph. 1909-57. US senator, fanatical anti-Communist demagogue.

Medici. Merchant family. Ruled Florence 1434~1737. Patron of Italian Renaissance arts. Catherine. Marie. Popes Leo X, Clement VII, Leo XI.

Megalopolis. 370-222BC. Greek city destroyed by Spartan Cleomenes III.

Meleager. Greek hero. Killed Artemis’ boar.

Mellon, Andrew. 1855-1937. US financier. Donated art, money to found National Gallery.

Mendelssohn-(Bartholdy), Felix. 1809-47. German Classical Romantic melodic composer. Hebrides 1829.

Menelaus. King of Sparta. Husband of Helen of Troy.

Mensheviks. 1903-22. Pacifist minority Social Democratic Workers Party members under Martov split from Bolsheviks. Sought gradual vs revolutionary socialism. Suppressed after October Revolution.

Mercator, Gerardus. 1512-94. Flemish cartographer. Projection of globe onto flat surface 1569. Atlas 1595.

Merlin. Wizard of Arthurian legend.

Messenian Wars. 735-715BC. Sparta dominates Messenia. 650-600BC Sparta crushes revolt.

Messina. 730BC Greek. 396BC Carthage. 264BC Independent. 535 Byzantine. 843 Saracens sack. 1061 Norman...«Sicily.

Metastasio, Pietro. 1698-1782. Italian librettist for Gluck, Handel, Haydn, Mozart.

Metaurus, Battle. 207BC. Rome defeats Carthaginian invasion in 2nd Punic War.

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