Giolitti, Giovanni. 1842-1928. Italian Prime Minister 1892~1921. Universal male suffrage 1912.

Golden Age. Peaceful period of man’s innocence. Greek equivalent of Eden.

Gotham. English villagers, to avoid expense of entertaining King John, pretended to be fools.

Gretna Green. 1754-1940. Scottish border village popular for runaway marriages.

Gypsies. 16C-. Nomadic peoples with Romany language. Probable Indian origin.

Hallstatt. ~1100BC. Pioneer iron-age culture in Austria. Spread to Spain, Greece.

Handfasting. 1 yr trial marriage, Scotland.

Hannibal. 247-182BC. Carthaginian leader. Crossed the Alps with elephants in winter to attack Rome 217BC. St Bernard Pass. Punic Wars.

Henry II. 1133-1189. Plantagenet king of England 1154-. Common Law system. Married Eleanor of Aquitaine. Angevin Empire. Becket. Rosamund.

Herald. Medieval officer who conveyed messages between opposing leaders.

Hermitage. 1764. St Petersburg art museum.

Heroic Age. 2nd millenium BC.

Hindi. Official language of India.

Hindustani. Hindi and Urdu languages.

Hochelaga. -c1600. Iroquois village at site of Montreal. Discovered 1535 by Cartier.

Hogarth, William. 1697-1764. English satirical mural painter. Founded Royal Academy 1739. Rake’s Progress 1732. Marriage à la Mode 1744. Pantheon 1764.

Hostage Crisis. 1979-81. Iranian miltants sieze US Embassy. Hold 52 hostages 444 days.

Howe, Julia. 1819-1910. US suffragette author: Battle Hymn of the Republic.

Hudaybiyah, Pact of al-. 628. Muhammad and followers allowed into Mecca for pilgrimage. Hijrah.

Hudson’s Bay Company. 1670-. England. Explored Canada. Sought NW passage. Trading posts. Fur trade. Monopoly 1821-58. Seven Oaks Massacre.

Hymen. Greek god of marriage.

Ice Age. Last period of glaciation, c75000-8350BC.

Iconoclasts. 726-843. Byzantines opposed use of images in Christian worship vs Iconophiles. Persecuted. Nicaea.

Imagists. 1912-. Poets eschew sentimentality for precision and imagery. Pound. Lawrence. Lowell.

International Labour Organization. ILO. 1919- Agency of League of Nations, United Nations.

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