Prussia. 1226 Teutonic Knights. 1466 «Poland. 1525 Duchy of Poland. c1660 Independent. 1701 Kingdom. 1772-95 +NW Poland. 1871 Dominated German Empire. 1919 Weimar(W)/ Poland(E). 1933 Germany(W). Bismarck.

Pufendorf, Samuel von. 1632-94. German historian/jurist. Universal natural laws.

Quadi. -173. Nomadic German tribe in Moravia.

Quisling, Vidkun. 1887-1945. Traitor, head of Norwegian puppet government during German occupation, 1940-5. WWII. Executed.

Radowitz, Joseph von. 1797-1853. Prussian. Worked for unified Germany.

Ranke, Leopold von. 1795-1886. German scientific histographer.-“Historical events must be described in their own terms”.

Rapallo Treaty. 1920. Italy,Yugoslavia establish free city of Rijeka, settle borders. 1922 Normalized relations of Germany, USSR. Cancelled war indemnities.

Rappites. 19C. Christian communities in Germany, US.

Rathenau. Walter. 1867-1922. German industrialist, statesman. Organized economy for WWI. Assassinated.

Reform Judaism. 19C. German movement vs Orthodox ritualism.

Regiomontanus. 1436-76. German astronomer. First modern exposition of trigonometry. Decimals 1467.

Reich, Second. 1871-1918. German Empire under Kaisers William I, II.

Reich, Third. 1933-45. Germany under Hitler.

Reich, Wilhelm. 1897-1957. German/US psychiatrist. Theory of Orgone, a force which permeates the body and is released by orgasm.

Reichstag. Ruling body of HRE and German states. = Imperial Diet.

Reims Cathedral. 1211. Germans sign surrender 1945.

Reinsurance Treaty. 1887-90. Secret Russian-German pledge of non-intervention.

Remarque, Erich. 1898-1970. German/US writer. All Quiet on the Western Front 1929.

Renner, Karl. 1870-1950. Austrian republican leader and president. Supported union with Germany before WWII.

Resistance. WWII underground paramilitary groups in German-occupied countries, notably France. Partisans. Maquis.

Reuchlin, Johannes. 1455-1522. German. Christian. Created Hebrew grammar.

Reuter, Paul. 1816-99. German telegraphic press pioneer, 1851. Pigeon post 1850.

Rhine, Confederation of. 1806-13. Bavaria and German states with constitution in French model.

Rhineland. German Rhine bank. Hitler defied Treaty of Versailles by militarizing area 1936.

Ribbentrop, Joachim von. 1893-1946. German Nazi foreign minister 1933-45. Hanged at Nuremberg.

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