Memel. (Klaipeda). 1253 founded. 1410 German. 1919 Lithuania. 1939 Germany. 1945 USSR. 1991 Lithuania.

Mendelssohn, Moses. 1729-86. German Jewish reform philosopher. Nathan the Wise 1779.

Mendelssohn-(Bartholdy), Felix. 1809-47. German Classical Romantic melodic composer. Hebrides 1829.

Merchants of the Steelyards. -1598. German traders in London.

Merovingians. 476-751. Frankish dynasty. Childeric founded; Clovis expanded empire to modern France, Germany, Belgium, N Italy. Austrasia, Neustria; 534+Burgundy. Clotaire. Carolingians.

Mersen, Treaty. 870. Divided Lotharingia. Charles II and Louis the German establish French/German frontier.

Messerschmidt, Willy. 1898-1978. German plane designer and manufacturer, WWII.

Meyerbeer, Giacomo. 1791-1864. German operatic composer of French opera. Les Huguenots 1836.

Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig. 1886-1969. German/US Bauhaus architect. Glass and steel. Glass Skyscraper 1921. -“less is more”.

Mihajlovitch, Dragoljub. 1893-1946. Yugoslav royalist WWII leader vs Tito. Executed for collaboration with Germany; exonerated by US.

Military Conversations. 1906-14. English, French military staff prepare for war with Germany.

Mogadishu Raid. 1977. German commandos rescue hijack hostages.

Moltke, Helmuth von. 1800-91. Chief of Staff of Prussian army 1857-70, German 1870-88.

Mommsen, Theodor. 1817-1903. German historian. History of Rome 1854.

Mons, Battle. WWI. 1914. Germans defeat British.

Montenegro. Balkans. 1159 Serbian Empire. 1516 Autonomous, repelling Turk, Serb, Albanian invasions. 1878 Independent. 1910 Kingdom. 1915 Germans occupy. 1918 +Serbia=Yugoslavia. WWII Italy occupies. 1946 Yugoslavia. 1992 +Serbia=Yugoslavia.

Moravia. 5C Slavs settle. 9C Empire. 1029 Bohemia. 1526 Hapsburg. 1918 Czechoslovakia. 1939-45 German protectorate. 1993 Czech Republic.

Moravian Church. Unitas Fratrum. 1457-. Protestant Hussite sect. 1467 Split from Utraquists. 18C German Pietist revival.

Moroccan Crisis. 1905. Germany declares Morocco free of France, Algeciras Conference. 1911 = Agadir Crisis. French gain Morocco, Germany Cameroon, Italy Dodecanese.

Moscow Treaty. 1920 Baltic Liberation. 1921 Turkish frontiers. 1970 W Germany, USSR renounce force.

Muhlenberg. German/US family. Founded US Lutheranism 18-19C.

Müller, Hermann. 1876-1931. German Weimar leader. Young Plan.

Munich Agreement. 1938. Recognition of Italian and German conquests by Chamberlain and Daladier. Dismembered Czechoslovakia. Appeasement Policy. Sudetenland.

Münster, Sebastian. 1489-1552. German scholar. Hebrew Bible 1534-5. Geographica 1540. Cosmographia 1544.

Mussolini, Benito. Il Duce. 1883-1945. Italian Fascist dictator 1922-. Seized Abyssinia 1935. Allied with Germany WWII. Shot.

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