Conrad I. -918. First non-Carolingian king of Germany 911-.

Corsica. 6C BC Phocaean. Etruscan. 278BC Carthage. 259BC Rome. 5C Vandal. 6C Byzantine. 8C Papacy. 10C Saracen. 1077 Pisa. 1296 Genoa, Aragon dispute. 1569 Genoa. 1768 France. 1794 Britain. 1796 France 1814-15 British occupy. WWII Germans occupy.

Cranach, Lucas. 1472-1553. German painter and engraver. Luther 1533.

Crete. c6100BC Knossos civilization. 3500BC Minoan. 1100BC Greek 67BC Rome. 826 Saracen. 960 Byzantine. 1205 Venice. 1669 Ottoman. 1912 Greece. 1941-45 Germany occupies.

Crete, Battle. 1941. First German airborne invasion.

Crusades. 1095-1272. European Christian wars to regain Holy Land after Seljuk Turks take Jerusalem in 1072. Literature and the arts benefitted from Eastern cultural infusion. Peasants 1096. Annihilated. First. 1096-99. Genoa financed Godfrey of Bouillon to recapture Jerusalem. Only successful crusade. Second. 1147-49. Louis VII and Conrad III pillage Byzantium. Third. 1189-92. Richard I and Philip II Truce with Saladin allows access to Jerusalem. Fourth. 1202-4. French and Flemish nobles conquer, sack Constantinople, form Latin Empire. Childrens. 1212. Stephen of Cloyes led 30,000 unarmed French youths. Nicholas of Cologne led 20,000 German. All died or enslaved. Fifth. 1218-21. John of Brienne in Egypt. Sixth. 1228-29. Frederick II crowned king of Jerusalem. Seventh. 1248-54. St Louis of France captured by Egypt and ransomed. Eighth. 1270. St Louis dies of plague. Ninth. 1271-2. Prince Edward of England.

Czechoslovakia. 1918 Formed in breakup of Austro-Hungarian Empire. 1920 Little Entente. 1938 -Sudetenland. 1939-45 German occupation. 1949 People’s Democratic Republic. 1968 Prague Spring. 1991 Republic. 1993 Split into Czech Republic and Slovakia.

Daily Telegraph Affair. 1908. Unauthorized interview of Kaiser causes protests in Germany.

Daimler, Gottlieb. 1834-1900. German. Gasoline engine, 1885. Automobile, 1886. Benz. Maybach.

Darlan, François. 1881-1942. French admiral. Built navy 1933-40. Collaborated with Germany, 1941-2, then Americans. Assassinated.

Dawes Plan. 1924-9. US economic assistance to Germany during reparations.

Denmark. 6C Viking. 9C Large kingdom + NE England. 10C United; + Norway. 1013-1042 + England. 12C + N Germany. 13C Civil war. 1340 Re-united. 1380 + Norway. 1388 -1523 + Sweden. 1720 Colonized Greenland. 1814 -Norway. 1815-64 +Schleswig, Holstein. WWI Neutral. 1920 +N Schleswig. WWII German occupation. 1944 -Iceland.

DGB. 1949-. Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund. Dominant German trade union.

Diesel, Rudolph. 1858-1913. German engineer. Invented diesel engine, 1892.

Dietrich, Marlene. 1901-92. German/US film actress.

Disarmament Conference. 1932-4. 60 Nations fail to agree due to Hitler’s rise in Germany.

Doenitz, Karl. 1891-1980. German admiral. Wolf pack U-boat strategy. Authorized German surrender, 1945.

Döllinger, Johann von. 1799-1890. German theologian. Opposed Papal infallibility. Excommunicated.

Dornier, Claudius. 1884-1969. German aircraft designer. First all-metal airplane, 1911.

Drang nach Osten. Historic German wish for eastward expansion cited by Hitler.

Dreikaiserbund. League of 3 Emperors. Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia. First 1873-78. 2nd 1881-7 (secret).

Dresden, Battle. 1813. Last major Napoleonic victory in Germany.

Drexler, Anton. Founded German Labour Party 1919...National Socialist Party.

Dual Alliance. 1879-1918. Austria-Germany...Triple Alliance. 1891-1914. Secret, France-Russia. Caused Germany to declare war on France when attacking Russia. WWI.

Dühring, Karl. 1873-1921. German Positivist philosopher.

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