Pushkin, Aleksandr. 1799-1837. Russian Romantic writer. Russia’s “Shakespeare”: Boris Gudonov 1825. Eugene Onegin 1823/4. Exiled 1821~6.

Putnam. American General at Bunker Hill. “Don’t shoot until you see the whites of their eyes.”

Pyramus and Thisbe. Legendary Babylonian lovers of Ovid’s Metamorphoses.

Quetzalcóatl. Aztec, Coltec god symbolized by feathered serpent. Legendary founder of Chichen Itza. Also applied as a title equivalent to saint.

Rajagopalachari, Chakravarti. 1879-1972. Indian Governor General 1948-50. Founded Swatantra Party 1959.

Raymond VI. 1156-1222. Fought Albigenses in Crusade.

Realism. General concepts have an existence independent of material things or names. Plato. St Anselm.

Red Cross. c1863. Dunant founds International relief organization. Geneva Convention 1864. 1881 US. Solferino.

Redi, Francesco. 1626-97. Italian naturalist. Maggots from fly eggs, not spontaneous generation, 1668.

Régence. c1700-30. Decorative arts style: Transition from heavy, linear to Rococo. Watteau.

Regency. 1800-30. Georgian Classicist architecture with tinge of exotic from the Empire. Stucco facing on brick. Nash. Soane. Hope. Sheraton. Decorative Arts: Neoclassical, Egyptian motifs.

Regency. England. 1811-20. George, Prince of Wales ruled for insane father, George III.

Regency. France. 1715-23. Philippe, duc d’Orléans regent for Louis XV.

Relativity. Einstein’s theories that space and time are not absolute. Special 1905. General 1916.

Remus. Twin brother of Romulus; legendary founders of Rome. Killed by Romulus after jumping over town wall.

Ricimer. -472. Roman general. Defeated Vandals, deposed Emperor.

Riggenbach, Nikolaus. Swiss engineer of cog railways.

Robert of Geneva. Clement VII, Antipope.

Robin Hood. 13C Legendary English archer and outlaw, who robbed the rich to help the poor.

Rœntgen, Konrad. 1845-1923. German physicist, discovered X-rays 1895.

Romantic. Art. Expression of emotion more important than form or reality. Delacroix. Turner.

Rome. 753BC Legendary founding by Romulus and Remus. 616BC Etruscan. 509BC Roman Republic. 27BC Roman Empire. 248 Empire of the West. 395 Byzantine Empire. 410 Visigoths sack Rome. 476 Romulus Augustulus deposed. 493 Ostrogoth. 535 Byzantine. 774 Charlemagne’s Empire of the West. 962 Holy Roman Empire. 11C Norman. 12C Hohenstaufen. 1848 Republic. 1849 Papal States. 1870 Italy. 1929 -Vatican.

Rosenkreuz, Christian. 15C. Legendary founder of Rosicrucian Society.

Roses, War of. 1455-85. York (white) vs Lancaster (red) for English throne. Lancaster rule ended. Henry VII (Tudor/Lancaster) married Elizabeth (York). Bosworth Field. Plantagenet.

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. 1712-78. Swiss Enlightenment philosopher and writer. Began Romantic Movement. Stimulated French and American Revolutions. On Equality 1753. Social Contract 1762 influenced French Revolution (offended authorities), Confessions 1782. Man is prevented from being free only by society and cold science. Goodness and bounty of nature. Goodness of man. Advocates direct democracy at City-State level and dictatorship above. Sovereignty rests with people. General will aims at best for all.

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