East-West Schism. 1054. Separation of Roman and Eastern Catholic churches over filioque.

Eastern Orthodoxy. Branch of Christianity. East-West Schism.

Edward the Confessor, St. c1003-66. Anglo Saxon king 1041-. Founded Westminster Abbey. Conquered Wales. Died without heir, prompting Norman Invasion.

Empire of the West. 286-476. Rome and Western part of Roman Empire. Ends 476, Romulus Augustulus deposed.

Empire of the West. 800-. State founded by Charlemagne, continued to 1806 as the Holy Roman Empire. Succeeded Roman Emperor of the West. Split Eastern kingdoms.

Erhard, Ludwig. 1897-1977. West German Economic Minister 1948-63. Chancellor 1963-6. Architect of economic recovery.

Faisal II. 1935-58. Pro-western last Iraqi king 1939-. Killed in coup.

Filioque. “and from the son” added to Nicene Creed in 6C, causing East-West Schism.

Frankish Kingdom, West. 843. Division of Carolingian Empire. ≈modern France. Franks.

Frobisher, Martin. 1535-94. British navigator in search of North-West passage 1576.

Frontier. Moving US boundary between developed east and unsettled west. Opportunity for adventureres, explorers, pioneers.

German South-West Africa. 1884 Protectorate. 1892-1919 Colony. Namibia.

Germany, Federal Republic of. (FRG). 1949-90 West Germany. 1955 NATO. 1990 +GDR =Germany.

Ghana, Ancient. Trading empire c300-1200. ≈southeast Mauritania + west Mali.

Golden Horde. 1250-1395. Mongol Empire in west Russia.

Great Schism. 1054. East-West Schism. 1378-1417. Period of rival Popes in Rome, Avignon, following Avignon Papacy.

Greeley, Horace. 1811-72. US founder of New Yorker, NY Tribune. Slavery critic. -“Go west, young man!”

Hanno. 5C BC. Carthaginian. Established colonies in West Africa.

Hearn, Lafcadio. 1850-1904. Translator; brought Japanese culture to West.

Helsinki Accords. 1975. Human rights, freedom, co-operation. Reduced East-West tensions.

Hindenburg Line. 1917. German army’s Western Front. Breached 1918.

Holy Roman Empire. 962-1806. Germanic Empire with elected king. Successor to Western Roman Empire. Geographically: Germany, Switzerland, Netherlands, Austria; most of Italy, Bohemia; part of France. Hapsburg. Austrian Empire.

Honorius Flavius. 384-423. Roman Emperor of the West 393-. Rome sacked by Visigoths 410.

Houphouët-Boigny, Félix. 1905-93. West African leader. President of Ivory Coast 1960-.

Hudson’s Bay Company. 1670-. England. Explored Canada. Sought NW passage. Trading posts. Fur trade. Monopoly 1821-58. Seven Oaks Massacre.

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