Hannibal. 247-182BC. Carthaginian leader. Crossed the Alps with elephants in winter to attack Rome 217BC. St Bernard Pass. Punic Wars.

Hardenberg, Karl von. 1750-1822. Prussian chancellor 1810- during Napoleonic Wars. Citizenship to Jews.

Heptarchy. 5-9C. Seven kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England: Kent, Essex, Sussex, Wessex, Mercia, E. Anglia, Northumbria. Frequent wars.

Huss, Jan. 1372-1415. Bohemian priest. Burnt for advocating Wycliffe. Hussite Wars.

Hussite Wars. 1415-36. Huss followers vs HRE for religious reform and Bohemian nationalism. Utraquists.

Ibn Sa’ud. 1880-1953. Conqueror and king of Riyad 1902-, + Najd, Hasa, Asir, Hejaz; united as Saudi Arabia 1932-. Ended tribal wars. First oil wells 1933.

Illyrian Wars. 229BC~219BC. Romans defeat Illyrian pirates. Greeks recognize Romans as civilized, admit them to games.

India-Pakistan Wars. 1949. Splits Kashmir. 1965. India gains most of Rann of Kutch. 1971. Bangladesh Independence.

Indian Wars. 1794-1891. US expansion leads to native vs white conflicts.

Ironclads. 1858-60. Iron-protected wooden warships.

Italian Wars. 1494-1559. Spain, HRE defeat France for control of Italy.

Jassy, Treaty. 1792. Ends Russo-Turkish war. Russia gains Crimea.

Jingoism. Excessive nationalism. Originally for British who intervened in Russo-Turkish War, 1877.

Josephus, Flavius. 37-100. Jewish soldier/historian. History of the Jewish Wars 75-9.

Kaffir Wars. 1779-1879. Bantu vs British in South Africa. Cape Frontier Wars.

Kappel, Wars. 1529,31. Swiss Reformation. Zwingli killed. Swiss cantons allowed to chose faiths.

King’s Peace. 387BC. Sparta, Persia, Athens. Corinthian War.

Latin Wars. 340-338BC. Rome conquers Latium.

London Treaty. 1674 Holland, England end War. 1824 Netherlands, Britain for control of Malaya. 1827 Britain, France, Russia to force mediation on Turkey/Greek freedom fighters. 1831 Belgian War of Independence. 1832 Britain, France, Bavaria made Otto I, King of Greece. 1852 Danish Succession. 1867 Luxembourg independence granted. 1871 Ended neutrality of Black Sea. 1913 Ended first Balkan War. 1915 (Secret) Britain-France-Russia grant concessions to Italy for joining WWI allies. Revealed by Bolsheviks 1918.

Macedonian Wars. 214~148BC. 4 Wars vs Rome reduced Macedonia to Roman province.

Madrid, Treaty. 1526. Charles V, Francis I truce in Italian Wars. 1670. Spain cedes Jamaica to Britain.

Maori Wars. 1843-7. 1863-4. 1869-70. NZ settlers displace native Maori.

Maratha Wars. 1775-1818. British defeat Maratha Confederacy in India.

Maximilian I. 1459-1519. HRE 1493-. Expanded Hapsburg empire by marriage and conquest. Italian Wars.

Messenian Wars. 735-715BC. Sparta dominates Messenia. 650-600BC Sparta crushes revolt.

65 more results ...