Rosenberg, Julius, Ethel. 1918,1916-53. First US civilians executed for spying for Soviet Union.

Russia. 9C Slavs, Rus invade. 862-1598 Rurik dynasty. 1240 Mongol Empire of Golden Horde. 1462 Ivan the Great. 16C Unified. 1613 Romanov dynasty. 1917 Communist. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. 1991 Russian Federation. CIS.

Ruthenia. 1321 Lithuania. 1772 Russ/Austria-Hungary. 1920 Czechoslovakia. 1939 Hungary. 1945 = Transcarpathian Ukraine (USSR).

Sakharov, Andrei. 1921-89. Soviet physicist, human rights activist. Hydrogen bomb. Formed Committee for Human Rights 1970.

Sheridan, Philip. 1831-88. Union general, captured Shenandoah, forced Lee’s surrender.

Somalia. 1960 Independent union of British Somaliland + Italian Somaliland.

South Africa. 1910 Britain unites possessions: Cape of Good Hope + Natal + Orange Free State + Transvaal = Union of South Africa. Constitution included white supremacy. 1920 +German South-West Africa by mandate. 1948 Apartheid. 1961 = Republic of South Africa; left Commonwealth. 1990 -Namibia 1994 ANC gains power.

Soviet. Basic governing body of USSR. Legislative +executive functions from local to national.

Soviet Union. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

Stakhanovism. 1935. Soviet movement to increase workers’ output. Rewards for exceeding quota.

Stalin, Joseph. 1879-1953. Soviet bloodthirsty revolutionary. Leader 1924-. 5 Year Plans modernized Russia. 1928 Collectivization. 1932- Dictator. 1936-8 Purge. Turned Marxism to Nationalism and Imperialism. World Socialist Revolution under USSR. 1952 abolished Politburo.

Stalin Line. Soviet defensive fortifications along Polish border.

Sture, Sten. 1440-1503. Swedish patriot, regent 1470~1503. Opposed Kalmar Union. Defeated Christian I, deposed John in Sweden.

Sufism. 8/9C Persian Moslem movement. Soul’s personal union with God. =Islamic mysticism.

Suslov, Mikhail. 1902-82. Soviet Communist ideologist. Invasions of Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Afghanistan.

Sweden. c8000BC Settled. 9C Rurik establishes Russ dynasty. c1000 Christian. 1319 +Norway. 1397 Kalmar Union. 1520 Revolt. 1523 Independence Vasa dynasty. 1809 -Finland. 1814 +Norway. 1905 -Norway.

Syndicalism. 1900-39. Union movement vs capitalistic order by direct action, general strikes. Sorel. IWW.

Taft-Hartley Act. 1947. US act regulating unions, strikes.

Temperance Movement. 1808 Begun in NY by women and churches. 1874 WCTU. 1890 Carry Nation. 1893 Anti-Saloon League. Prohibition.

Thaw, the. 1954-7. Relaxed government control on Soviet literature.

Tolpuddle Martyrs. 1834. 6 British farmworkers transported despite protests for union organizing.

Trade Disputes Act. 1906. British unions immune from suits against members’ activities.

Trade Unions. Legalized: 1824 Britain. 1834 France. 1869 Germany. 1875 British legalized picketing.

Trades Union Congress. TUC. 1868. Organization of British unions sponsoring Labour Party. ICFTU.

Transvaal. Bantu. 1836 Boers settle. Great Trek. 1855 South African Republic. 1877 British. 1881 Self-government. 1900 British. 1907 Self-governed. 1910 Union of South Africa.

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