Laos. 14C Buddhist Lan Xang. 18C Vientiane(C)/ Luang Prabang(N)/ Champassak(S). 19C Siam. 1893 French protectorate. 1942 Japanese occupy. 1946 French. 1953 Independent...civil wars. 1975 Lao People’s Democratic Republic. 1991 New Constitution and freedoms.

LaPérouse, Jean. 1741-88. French explorer in Pacific 1785.

Laplace, Pierre. 1749-1827. French mathematician, astronomer. Celestial mechanics 1779-1825. Solar system origin from condensed gas.

LaRochefoucauld, Francois. 1613-80. French epigramist, moralist. Memoires and Maxims 1665-78.

Larousse, Pierre. 1817-75. French lexicographer. Great Universal Dictionary of the XIXth Century 1866-76.

La Salle, Robert. 1643-87. French explorer of Louisiana, Mississippi 1682.

La Tour, Maurice de. 1704-88. French portraitist. Influenced by Caravaggio.

La Trémoille, Georges de. 1382-1446. French nobleman. Obstructed Joan of Arc.

Laurier, Wilfrid. 1841-1919. First French-Canadian Prime Minister 1896-1911. Liberal. Boer War.

Laveran, Charles. 1845-1922. French pathologist. Discovered Malaria parasite 1880.

Lavoisier, Antoine. 1743-94. French “father of modern chemistry”. Oxygen in combustion 1772. Guillotined.

Lebanon. 25C BC Phoenicia. 6C BC Persia. 332 Alexander. 64BC Rome. 5C Byzantine. 7C Moslems, Maronite Christians. 11C Druse(S). 1516 Ottoman. 1861 Christian autonomy under Ottomans. 1920 French mandate. 1926 Republic under France. 1943 Independent republic. 1975-91 Civil war.

Lebrun, Albert. 1871-1950. French president 1931-40. Surrendered to Pétain.

Leclerc, Jacques-Philippe. 1902-47. French WWII resistance leader. Led 1500 mile march to liberate Paris, 1944.

Leconte de Lisle, Charles. 1818-94. French Parnassian poet.

Ledoux, Claude Nicolas. 1736-1806. French Neoclassical architect. Tollhouses.

Legendre, Adrien. 1752-1833. French mathematician. Irrationality of pi, 1794. Elliptical integrals, 1786.

Léger, Fernand. 1881-1955. French painter. Modernist mechanistic forms of solid colors. Femme au Livre 1923. Grande Parade 1954.

Legion of Honour. French national order instituted by Napoleon, 1802. Five ranks: Grands Croix, Grands Officiers, Commandeurs, Officiers, Chevaliers.

Legislative Assembly. 1791-2. 1849-51. French national parliament...National Convention.

Legitimists. 19C French Royalist supporters of Bourbon Chambord vs Orleanists, Bonapartists.

Le Jeune, Claude. c1527-1600. French composer of musique mésurée.

Le Lorrain, Robert. 1666-1743. French bas-relief sculptor.

Le Mercier, Jacques. 1585-1654. French architect of Sorbonne and Horloge Pavilion of Louvre.

L’Enfant, Pierre. 1754-1825. French/US architect. Washington town plan 1792, implemented 1901.

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