Apartheid. 1948-1994. Racial segregation in South Africa.

Atom Bomb. 1945 US. 1949 USSR. 1952 Britain. 1960 France. 1964 China. 1974 India. 1989 South Africa (dismantled). 1998 Pakistan. ? Israel. 1990s Argentina, Brazil. Soon: Iraq, Iran, North Korea. H-Bomb. Neutron Bomb.

Australopithecus. Hominid ancestor to man, discovered in Africa. Lived 1 to 5 million years ago.

Bandung Conference. 1955. 29 Asian and African countries oppose colonialism, promote peace.

Bantu. Language of 60M natives in Southern Africa.

Barbary. 16-19C. Name given to North African coast. Berbers.

Barnard, Christian. 1922-2001. South African surgeon-first human heart transplant 1967.

Bedouin. Nomadic N African tribes.

Berbers. Caucasian North African peoples, mostly Moslem. Nomadic since 12C Arab invasions. Almohads. Almoravids. Barbary.

Berlin Conference. 1884. Bismarck called 15 nations to resolve African issues. Congo granted independence. Slavery suppressed.

Boer War. 1899-1902. British defeat Boer Republic in South Africa. Vereeniging.

Boers. 17-19C Dutch settlers in South Africa. Great Trek.

Bokassa. 1921-96. Central African Republic dictator 1966-79. Overthrew Dacko, who was restored by France.

Botha, Louis. 1862-1919. First Prime Minister 1910- of South Africa.

British East Africa. 1888. Former protectorates. Kenya, Uganda, Zanzibar, Tanganyika.

Bruce, James. 1730-94. African explorer 1768-73.

Buganda.19C African kingdom. 1890s Britain. 1962 Independent under Uganda. 1966 Uganda.

Bushmen. South African tribe. = San.

Caliphate Empire. 632-1258. Moslem Empire founded by Muhammad. From Afghanistan to north Africa and Spain. Umayyad. Abbasid.

Cameron, Verney. 1844-94. English African explorer.

Cape Colony. 1806 British colony. South Africa.

Cape of Good Hope. Bantu. 1652 Dutch. 1814 British Cape Colony. 1910 Province, South Africa.

Concentration Camps. 1862-65 USA. 1899-1902. British internment of Boers in South Africa. 1922-91. USSR. 1933-45 Nazi prisons for extermination and slave labour. Buchenwald. Auschwitz. Dachau. 1942-6 US Relocation Centers. 1942-46 Canada. 1950’s Kenya. 1973 Chile.

Dutch West India Company. 1621-1794. Commercial and colonial interests in Africa, South America. Driven from Brazil, 1654, New York, 1667.

Ethiopia. c1000BC Semite. 1C Aksumite Kingdom. 10C Zagwe dynasty. 1270 Solomonic dynasty. 17C Divided. 1855 Re-united. 1935 Italy (Italian East Africa). 1941 Independent. 1952 +Eritrea. 1974 Coup, Republic. 1993 -Eritrea.

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