Poincaré, Raymond. 1860-1934. French president 1913-20, Prime Minister 1912~29. Conservative nationalist. Occupied Ruhr.

Poisons Affair. 1679. French scandal. Nobles using love potions and poisons from fortune tellers. Mme de Montespan implicated. La Voisin. Brinvilliers.

Polignac, Auguste de. 1780-1847. French minister to Charles X. Disolved Chamber of Deputies, causing July Revolution 1830.

Pompidou, Georges. 1911-74. French statesman, Prime Minister 1962-68, President 1969-. Fifth Republic Constitution.

Poncelet, Jean. 1788-1867. French mathematician. Projective geometry.

Pondicherry. 1674. French colony. 1954 joined India.

Poujadism. 1954-8. French extreme right-wing political movement founded by Poujade. Gained tax concessions.

Poulenc, Francis. 1899-1963. Modern French composer. Les Six.

Poussin, Nicolas. 1594-1665. French Neoclassical painter. Strong pictorial emotional works. Arcadian Shepherds 1638/55. Rape of the Sabines 1636-7.

Praguerie. 1440. French nobles rebel vs Charles VII.

Proudhon, Pierre. 1809-65. French Anarchist Socialist: “Property is theft.”-What is Property? 1840. “Government is the Scourge of God”. Systèmes des Contradictions Économiques 1846.

Proust, Marcel. 1871-1922. French novelist: Remembrance of Things Past 1914.

Provençale. Southern French dialect of Occitan. Mistral.

Prud’hommes, Councils. Medieval French trade tribunals revived by Napoleon.

Prud’hon, Pierre. 1758-1823. French painter. Crime and Justice 1808.

Public Weal, League of. 1465. French nobles ally vs Louis XI.

Puebla, Battles. 1862 Mexican guerillas humiliate French army. “Cinco de Mayo”. 1863 French victorious, Maximilian.

Pyrenees, Treaty. 1659. Established French/Spanish border ending 24 year war.

Quadrille. 18C French dance introduced to England 1818.

Quebec. 1534 Cartier discovers. 1608 French colony. 1763 British. 1867 Founding province of Canada.

Quebec, Battle. 1759. British defeat French in Seven Years War. 1775 Quebec Campaign.

Quebec Act. 1774. Britain creates permanent government for Canada. Tolerance for French Canadians a cause of American Revolution. Intolerable Acts.

Queen Anne’s War. 1702-13. French vs English in North America in War of Spanish Succession.

Quesnay, François. 1694-1774. French economist, Physiocrat. “Laissez-faire” is a natural divinely appointed law. Tableau Économique 1758 -systematic study of political economy. Can maximize social satisfaction under free competition.

Quesnel, Pasquier. 1634-1719. French Jansenist leader. French New Testament 1697.

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