Monier. 1823-1906. French inventor of reinforced concrete, 1867.

Monnet, Jean. 1888-1979. French economist. “Father of Common Market”.

Montagnards. 1792-5. French revolutionary extremists led by Robespierre. Terror. Plain.

Montaigne, Michel de. 1533-92. French sceptical humanist essayist. On Humanism 1580.

Montcalm, Louis. 1712-59. French general killed defending Quebec against the English. Seven Years War.

Montecuccoli, Raimondo. 1609-80. Italian Holy Roman Empire general. Defeated Turks 1664, French 1672-5.

Montesquieu, Charles. 1689-1755. French political philosopher. De l’esprit de lois 1748. Idea of separate executive/legislative branches of government adopted in US, France.

Montfort, Simon de. c1165-1218. French leader of crusade against Albigenses. Conquered south France.

Montpensier, Louise, Duchesse de. 1627-93. French princess. Led rebels in Fronde 1652.

Monts, Pierre du Ghast. 1568-1630. French explorer with Champlain. Founded Portugal Royal 1605.

Moreau, Gustave. 1826-1898. French Symbolist erotic painter. Salome 1876.

Mornay, Philippe de. 1549-1623. French Huguenot leader in Wars of Religion, 1562-98. Reconciled Henry III, Henry of Navarre.

Morny, Charles, duc de. 1811-65. French coup organizer 1851 for Napoleon III.

Moroccan Crisis. 1905. Germany declares Morocco free of France, Algeciras Conference. 1911 = Agadir Crisis. French gain Morocco, Germany Cameroon, Italy Dodecanese.

Morocco. c2000BC Berbers. c12C BC Phoenecians settle. 1C BC Rome. 5C Vandal. 533 Byzantine. 682 Moslem. 739 Berber revolt. 788 Idrisid dynasty. 1061 Almoravid. 1147 Almohad. 1269 Marinids. 1550 Saadis. 1666 Alawis. 1668 Berber. 18C French influence. 1912 Spanish(N)/French protectorate. 1956 Independent. Ceuta. Melilla.

Mother Goose. Perrault. Contes de ma mère l’oye 1697. From an old French expression = “old wives’ tales”....Mother Goose’s Melody 1781.

Moulin, Jean. 1899-1943. French patriot, founder of National Council of Resistance 1943. Tortured to death by Gestapo.

Murat, Joachim. 1767-1815. French marshal. Led Napoleon’s coup. King of Naples 1808-.

Muret, Battle. 1213. French nobles defeat Albigenses. Spanish influence ends in S France. Montfort.

Murray, James. 1722-94. First British governor of Quebec. Supported French residents. Recalled.

Muscadins. French Royalist youth movement after the Commune.

Musset, Alfred. 1810-57. French poet. Sand lover. Confession.

Nabis. 1890s. French painters opposed to Impressionism. Bold colors. Influenced Abstract Art. Bonnard. Denis.

Nadar. 1820-1910. French portrait photographer. First aerial photo 1856/8.

Namur, Sieges. Belgium. 1692 French capture. 1695 Dutch, English take French. 1914 Germans capture.

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