Cadoudal, Georges. 1771-1804. French Royalist leader. Plotted Napoleon’s assassination. Executed.

Cagoulards. 1930s. French Fascist terrorists vs Third Republic.

Caillaux, Joseph. 1863-1944. French pacifist politician. Early supporter of Income Tax.

Caillié, René. 1799-1838. French explorer in Africa.

Callot, Jacques. 1592-1635. French painter and engraver.

Calmette, Albert. 1863-1933. French discoverer of TB vaccine.

Calonne, Charles de. 1734-1802. French finance Minister. Reform attempts led to French Revolution

Camisards. 1702-6. French Protestants who rebelled against Catholic persecution.

Camus, Albert. 1913-60. Existentialist absurd French writer: l’Étranger, Caligula.

Canada. 1000 Norse visit. 1497 Cabot explores. 1534 French claim Quebec. 1583 English claim, settle Newfoundland. 1605 French settle Quebec. 1763 British conquer French territory. 1867 Independent Dominion. 1870 +northwest territories. 1871 +British Columbia. 1873 +PEI. 1949 +Newfoundland, Labrador.

Caran d’Ache. 1858-1909. Russian/French humorist, cartoonist.

Carnot, Lazare. 1753-1823. French mathematician. Called “organizer of victory” by Revolutionaries. Member of Directory, Tribunal. Instituted conscription.

Carnot, Sadi. 1796-1832. French discoverer of reversibility of heat and work.

Carnot, Sadi. 1837-94. President of the Third French Republic, 1887-. Assassinated.

Carolingians. French dynasty 751-987. Merovingians. Charlemagne. Holy Roman Empire.

Carrel, Alexis. 1873-1944. French/US surgeon. Pioneered transplants.

Cartier, Jacques. 1491-1557. French explorer, discovered St. Lawrence River 1534.

Cassini, César. 1714-84. Italian/French astronomer, cartographer of France.

Catacombs. (Paris) 1785. Former quarry turned into ossuary. Headquarters of WWII French Resistance.

Catherine de Medici. 1519-89. Wife of Henry II, mother of 3 French kings, built Tuileries Palace. St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre.

Cauchy, Augustin. 1789-1857. French mathematician.

Céline, Louis-Ferdinand. 1894-1961. French writer: Voyage au bout de la nuit 1932.

Central African Republic. 1891 French colony 1910 «French Equatorial Africa. 1958 Self-government. 1960 Independent. 1976-79 Central African Empire.

Cezanne, Paul. 1839-1906. French Post-Impressionist painter. Illusion of depth by color. Card Players 1892.

CGT. 1895. Confédération Générale du Travail. Largest French union organization.

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