Philip I. 1052-1108. French king 1060-. Recovered Normandy for France.

Philip II. 1165-1223. French Capetian king 1179-. 3rd Crusade. Conquered Flanders. Doubled France. Fought Richard the Lion Heart for Angevin Empire.

Philip IV. The Fair. 1268-1314. French Capetian king 1285-. Taxed Roman Catholic Church. Ended Templars.

Philip V. The Tall. 1293-1322. French king 1316-. Succeeded over Joan by Salic Law.

Philip VI. 1293-1350. French Valois king 1328-1350.

Piaf, Edith. 1915-63. French music hall singer.

Picard, Jean. 1620-82. French astronomer. Founded Paris Observatory. Computed size of earth.

Picasso, Pablo. 1881-1973. Spanish/French Cubist painter. Desmoiselles d’Avignon 1907. Guernica 1937.

Picquart, Georges. 1854-1914. French general imprisoned for defense of Dreyfus.

Pigalle, Jean-Baptiste. 1714-85. French sculptor. Mercury 1744.

Pillnitz, Declaration of. 1791. Holy Roman Empire, Prussia support Restoration in France. French Revolutionary Wars.

Pinel, Philippe. 1745-1826. French physician. Revolutionized care of the insane at Salpêtrière with humane treatment.

Pissarro, Camille. 1830-1903. French Impressionist painter of street scenes. Boulevard Montmartre 1897.

Pius VII. 1742-1823. Pope 1800-. Excommunicated Napoleon after French annexed Papal States. Imprisoned 1809-14.

Plain. Moderate party in French Revolution. Montagnards.

Plains of Abraham, Battle. 1759. British defeat French, capture Quebec. New France falls. Wolfe, Montcalm killed.

Pléiade, La. 16C. French Renaissance poets, aimed to enrich French language. Ronsard, Bellay, Belleau, Jodelle, Dorat, Baïf, Tyard.

Poincaré, Henri. 1854-1912. French mathematician.

Poincaré, Raymond. 1860-1934. French president 1913-20, Prime Minister 1912~29. Conservative nationalist. Occupied Ruhr.

Poisons Affair. 1679. French scandal. Nobles using love potions and poisons from fortune tellers. Mme de Montespan implicated. La Voisin. Brinvilliers.

Polignac, Auguste de. 1780-1847. French minister to Charles X. Disolved Chamber of Deputies, causing July Revolution 1830.

Pompidou, Georges. 1911-74. French statesman, Prime Minister 1962-68, President 1969-. Fifth Republic Constitution.

Poncelet, Jean. 1788-1867. French mathematician. Projective geometry.

Pondicherry. 1674. French colony. 1954 joined India.

Poujadism. 1954-8. French extreme right-wing political movement founded by Poujade. Gained tax concessions.

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