XYZ Affair. 1797. US attack French ships after refusing to bribe ministers. Settled 1800. French Revolutionary Wars.

Yersin, Alexander. 1863-1943. Swiss/French. Developed serum for bubonic plague.

Yorktown, Siege. 1781. British surrender to American and French forces. American Revolution.

Yourcenar, Marguerite. 1903-87. French writer; First woman in Académie Française.

Zadkine, Ossip. 1890-1967. Russian/French cubist sculptor. Musicians 1924. Christ 1939. Destroyed City 1951.

Zehrfuss. French architect: UNESCO bldg.

Zola, Emile. 1840-1902. French “scientific” novelist: Nana 1880. Dreyfus supporter. Realist. Founded Naturalist Movement. Thérèse Raquin 1867. J’accuse 1898.

Zouaves. 1831-71. French African infantry. Algeria. Crimean War.