Simpson, Wallis. 1896-1986. American divorcée for whom Edward VIII abdicated.

Six Articles, Statute. 1539-1547. Henry VIII’s statement of Church of England doctrine. Persecuted both adamant Catholics and Protestants.

Skelton, John. c1460-1529. English satirical poet. Tutor, adviser to Henry VIII.

Suffolk, First duke. c1484-1545. Brother-in-law, aide of Henry VIII. Incompetent military leader.

Supremacy, Act of. 1534 Henry VIII establishes Church of England under monarch. 1554 Repealed by Mary I. 1559 Elizabeth I re-established Church of England. Oath required of all MPs.

Ultraroyalists. 19C. French advocates of increased powers for Louis XVIII.

Urban VIII. 1568-1644. Pope 1623-. Supported France in Thirty Years War.

Wolsey, Thomas. c1475-1530. English cardinal. Lord Chancellor to Henry VIII. Lost influence when unable to secure divorce from Catherine of Aragon. Built Hampton Court Palace as gift for Henry VIII. Unpopularity a cause of Reformation.

Worms, Synod. 1076. Called by Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV to depose Pope Gregory VII. 1122 Concordat of Worms.

Zamora Treaty. 1143. Portugal independent of Alfonso VII of Castile.