Helvétius, Claude-Adrien. 1715-71. French Materialist philosopher. All actions based on self-interest. De l’ésprit 1758.

Henry I. c1008-60. French king 1031-.

Henry II. 1519-59. French king 1547-. Repressed Protestants. Captured Calais 1558. Treaties of Chambord, Cateau-Cambrésis.

Henry III. 1551-89. French king 1574-. Wars of Religion, Three Henrys. Assassinated.

Henry IV. of Navarre. 1553-1610. King of France 1589-. Converted to Catholicism. Edict of Nantes protected Protestant rights. ’Reign of Rebuilding’. Assassinated by Ravaillac. Margaret of France.

Henry V. 1387-1422. King of England 1413-. Claimed France. Victor at Agincourt. Treaty of Troyes.

Henry VI. 1421-71. King of England and France 1422-61, 70-1. Founded King’s College Cambridge, Eton. Lost France except Calais. Weakness led to War of Roses. Deposed.

Henry the Navigator. 1394-1460. Portuguese prince. Sponsored African exploration. School of Navigation 1423.

Heptarchy. 5-9C. Seven kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England: Kent, Essex, Sussex, Wessex, Mercia, E. Anglia, Northumbria. Frequent wars.

Heredia, Jose de. 1842-1905. Cuban/French Parnassian poet.

Hickock, James (Wild Bill). 1837-76. US frontier lawman.

Hijrah. (Hegira). 622. Muhammed’s flight from Mecca to Medina. Begins Moslem calendar.

Hindenburg Line. 1917. German army’s Western Front. Breached 1918.

Hippocrates. 460-370BC. Greek physician. Separated medicine from superstition. Established medical schools. “Diseases due to natural causes”.

Historia Regum Britanniae. c1135. Geoffrey of Monmouth’s history of Britain from legendary founding. Popularized legends of King Arthur.

Hitchcock, Alfred. 1899-1980. English/US horror film maker. 39 Steps 1935. Psycho 1960.

Hofer, Andreas. 1767-1810. Austrian. Led peasant rebellions vs French and Bavarians 1809-10.

Hogue, La. Battle. 1692. England defeats French navy to prevent invasion.

Hohenlinden, Battle. 1800. French defeat Austria. Last major battle of War of 2nd Coalition.

Holbach, Paul, Baron d’. 1723-89. French Materialist philosopher and Encyclopaedist.

Hölderlin, Friedrich. 1770-1843. German classic Romantic poet. Elegies 1800.

Holy Leagues. 1495 Repelled French invasion of Italy. 1511 Forced France from Italy. 1520 Spanish cities vs HRE. 1526 Failed to force HRE from Italy. 1538 Opposed Schmalkaldic League. 1571 vs Turks. 1576 Opposed Protestantism in France. 1609 vs Protestant Union. 1684 vs Ottomans.

Holy Roman Empire. 962-1806. Germanic Empire with elected king. Successor to Western Roman Empire. Geographically: Germany, Switzerland, Netherlands, Austria; most of Italy, Bohemia; part of France. Hapsburg. Austrian Empire.

Home Rule Bill. 1914 Separate Irish Parliament. 1920 Government of Ireland Act. Irish Free State.

Home Rule Movement, Irish. 1870-c1920. For independence from Britain.

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