Fénelon, François. 1651-1715. French theologian. Quietism 1696. Telemachus 1698.

Ferdinand III. 1199-1252. King of Castile and Leon. Pushed Moors from most of Spain.

Fermat, Pierre de. 1601-65. French mathematician/jurist. Modern Number Theory. Last Theorem 1631: There does not exist xⁿ+yⁿ=zⁿ for n>2; x,y,z ε N. Proved by Wiles 1995.

Ferry, Jules. 1832-93. French premier 1880~5. Expanded empire. Compulsory secular education 1882. Dissolved Jesuits.

Fertile Crescent. 8000BC- ME region from Nile to Euphrates. Birthplace of civilization.

Feuillants Club. 1791. French moderate monarchists.

Féval, Paul. 1817-87. French writer: Bossu.

Field of Cloth of Gold. 1520. Kings of France and England meet near Calais to propose alliances.

Fifth Column. 1936. Fascists within besieged Madrid who assisted Franco’s attackers. Term generally applied to subversives since.

Filioque. “and from the son” added to Nicene Creed in 6C, causing East-West Schism.

Fiorentino, Rosso. 1495-1540. Italian/French Fontainebleau painter.

First Coalition. 1792. European countries opposed to French Revolution.

Fisk, James. 1834-72. Flamboyant US financier. Attempt to corner gold market led to Black Friday 1869.

Fitzgerald, Edward. 1763-98. Irish rebel. Sought aid from France for 1798 uprising.

Five Hundred, Council of. 1795. Lower House of French Parliament.

Five Mile Act. 1665. English Nonconformist clergy banned 5 miles from towns where they had preached.

Five Pecks of Rice. 206-20. Chinese Taoist political movement vs poverty, instability.

Fizeau, Armand. 1819-96. French physicist. Measured speed of light, 1849.

Flammarian, Camille. 1842-1925. French astronomer: L’astronomie Populaire.

Flanders. Historical region of France, Belgium, Neth. 13C Cloth industry. Ghent. Bruges.

Flaubert, Gustave. 1821-1880. French Realist novelist. Madame Bovary 1851. Novembre 1842. Acquitted of corrupting public morals, 1857.

Fleur de Lys. National emblem of France 496-1789. Tricolour.

Fleurus, Battle. 1794. Key French victory over First Coalition.

FLN. 1954-62. Algerian National Liberation Front conducts war vs France.

Florian, Jean-Pierre de. 1755-94. French fable writer.

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