Couperin. 17-18C French family of Baroque composers.

Couperin, François. 1668-1733. French Baroque keyboard composer. Concerts Royeaux, Leçons de Ténebres 1714.

Courbet, Gustave. 1819-77. French Realist painter, socialist activist. Commune. The Artist’s Studio 1855.

Courtois, Bernard. 1777-1838. French. Iodine 1811.

Cousin, Jean the Elder. 1490-1560. French painter. Eva Prima Pandora, early French nude.

Cousteau, Jacques. 1910-97. French underwater explorer.

Couthon, Georges. 1755-94. French aide to Robespierre. Guillotined.

Crépy, Treaty. 1544. Ends 23 years of war between Holy Roman Empire and France.

Crick, Francis. 1916-. British discoverer of DNA structure with Watson 1953.

Cricket. 1598 derived from Club ball. 1877 First Test Match Australia/England.

Crimean War. 1853-6. Russian attempt to get a Mediterranean port stopped by Turkey, England, France, Sardinia. Dispute over Holy places in Palestine.

Crispi, Francesco. 1819-1901. Italian Prime Minister 1887~96. Thousand.

Crockett, Davy. 1786-1836. US frontiersman. Killed at Alamo.

Crusades. 1095-1272. European Christian wars to regain Holy Land after Seljuk Turks take Jerusalem in 1072. Literature and the arts benefitted from Eastern cultural infusion. Peasants 1096. Annihilated. First. 1096-99. Genoa financed Godfrey of Bouillon to recapture Jerusalem. Only successful crusade. Second. 1147-49. Louis VII and Conrad III pillage Byzantium. Third. 1189-92. Richard I and Philip II Truce with Saladin allows access to Jerusalem. Fourth. 1202-4. French and Flemish nobles conquer, sack Constantinople, form Latin Empire. Childrens. 1212. Stephen of Cloyes led 30,000 unarmed French youths. Nicholas of Cologne led 20,000 German. All died or enslaved. Fifth. 1218-21. John of Brienne in Egypt. Sixth. 1228-29. Frederick II crowned king of Jerusalem. Seventh. 1248-54. St Louis of France captured by Egypt and ransomed. Eighth. 1270. St Louis dies of plague. Ninth. 1271-2. Prince Edward of England.

Crystal Palace. 1851. Built for the Great Exhibition, London. First iron-framed. Burned, 1936. Paxton.

Cugnot, Joseph. 1725-1804. French engineer. First steam car, 1769.

Cult of Reason. Reason, Cult of.

Curie, Irene. Joliot-Curie.

Curie, Marie. 1867-1934, and Pierre 1859-1906. Polish/French discoverers of radium, 1898.

Cuvier, Georges. 1769-1832. French creator of comparative anatomy and paleontology.

Cuza, Alexandru. 1820-73. First Prince of Romania, 1859-66. Freed serfs. Educational reform.

Cyrano de Bergerac. 1619-65. French large nosed satirical writer. La Mort d’Agrippine 1654.

Cyrus. -529BC. Founded Persian Empire 550-. Defeated Babylonia 539BC. Freed Jews.

Dagobert I-III. Merovingian French kings in 7-8C.

Daguerre, Jacques. 1789-1851. French inventor of Daguerrotype photographic process 1837.

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