Club of Rome. Published 1972 Limits to Growth showing the dangers of overpopulation.

Coalition, Wars of. 1792-1815. European powers oppose France’s revolutionary ideas and expansion. French Revolutionary Wars. Napoleonic Wars. Third Coalition War.

Cobden, Treaty. 1860. Free trade between Britain and France.

Colette, Sidonie. 1873-1954. French descriptive novelist. Claudine Stories 1900-03. Chéri 1920. Gigi 1944.

Collins, Michael. 1890-1922. Led Easter Rebellion. First Prime Minister of Irish Free State 1922. Assassinated by extremists.

Colossus of Rhodes. 280-224BC. 30m bronze statue of Helios. Collapsed during earthquake. A 7 Wonder.

Columban, St. c543-615. Irish monk. Missionary to France, Switzerland, Italy.

Comédie-Francaise. Oldest National theatre. Founded by Louis XIV in 1680. Molière.

Comic Opera. 18C revolt vs serious opera. Light style, familiar scenes. Italy: opera buffa; Fr: opéra comique; Eng: ballad opera; Ger: singspiel. Orig as intermezzo for opera.

Committee of Public Safety. 1793-5. Ruled France. Robespierre’s reign of Terror.

Common Law. Based on precedents derived from reason rather than a code of statutes. Originally English.

Commonwealth, British. 1926-. Free association of autonomous countries. Evolved from the British Empire. Statute of Westminster 1931.

Communist Manifesto. 1848. Marx and Engels call for Proletariat to control business and government.

Communist Party. USSR. 1918. Name adopted by Bolsheviks for Social Democratic Workers’ Party. Parties started in Britain, USA, Austria, France, Italy, Spain, Germany soon after.

Comoros. 8C Moslem. 1527 Europeans explore. 1886 France. 1975 Independent.

Compte Rendu. 1781. Necker reveals pitiful state of French finances.

Comte, Auguste. 1798-1857. French Positivist philosopher. Religion belongs to primitive society. Positivism 1830. Tejada Law.

Concentration Camps. 1862-65 USA. 1899-1902. British internment of Boers in South Africa. 1922-91. USSR. 1933-45 Nazi prisons for extermination and slave labour. Buchenwald. Auschwitz. Dachau. 1942-6 US Relocation Centers. 1942-46 Canada. 1950’s Kenya. 1973 Chile.

Concini, Concino. -1617. Italian favourite of Marie de Medici. Marshal of France. Executed.

Concordat. 1801-1905. Regulation of French church instituted by Napoleon.

Concorde. 1962-76. French/British joint development of a supersonic airliner.

Condé. 1530-1866. Branch of French Bourbons. Revolt 1615.

Condillac, Étienne de. 1715-80. French sensualist philosopher. Locke follower.

Condorcet, Marquis de. 1743-94. French philosopher. Perfectibility of mankind.

Congo. 1482 Portugal explore. 1880 French settle(N). 1885 Belgium(S). 1910 «French Equatorial Africa. 1960 Independent. 1971 =Zaire. 1997 =Democratic Republic of Congo. Mobutu.

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