Chanson de Roland. 12C French epic poem. Roncesvalles. Roland.

Chantrey, Francis. 1781-1841. British sculptor.

Chappe, Claude. 1763-1805. French engineer, physicist: Aerial telegraph 1792.

Chardin, Jean. 1699-1779. French painter of still life and domestic scenes. Le Buffet 1728.

Charlemagne. c742-814. King of France 768-. Restored Western Roman Empire, 800.

Charles, Jacques. French physicist, launched early hydrogen balloon 1783 with Robert. Gas Law V=kT 1798.

Charles I. c742-814. King of France. = Charlemagne.

Charles I, of Anjou. 1226-85. French King of Naples and Sicily 1246-. Son of Louis VIII. Harsh rule. First Angevin.

Charles II, the Bald. 823-77. King of France 843-. Emperor of the West 875-. Verdun Treaty.

Charles III, the Simple. 879-929. King of France 893-923. Added Lorraine. Deposed.

Charles IV, the Fair. 1294-1328. King of France 1322-, and Navarre. Won part of Aquitaine from England. Last Capetian.

Charles V. 1500-1558. Hapsburg king of Netherlands 1515-55, Spain 1516-56, Germany 1519-. Holy Roman Emperor 1519-56. Fought Francis I. Divided Austria from Spain. Fought Turks.

Charles V, the Wise. 1338-80. King of France 1364-. New rampart around Paris.

Charles VI, the Well-beloved. 1368-1422. King of France 1380-. Insanity led to Civil War. Berry.

Charles VII, the Well-served. 1403-61. King of France 1422-. Joan of Arc. Arras Treaty. Pragmatic Sanction.

Charles VIII. 1470-98. King of France 1483-.

Charles IX. 1550-74. King of France 1560-. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre.

Charles X. 1757-1836. King of France 1824-30. Overthrown by revolt.

Charles Martel. The Hammer. 685-741. Unified Franks. Poitiers victory. Charlemagne’s grandfather.

Charpentier, Marc. 1634-1704. French composer. Oratorios.

Charter. 1814-1830. French Constitution: Constitutional Monarchy, civil liberties, religious toleration.

Chartists. 1836-58. British workers’ reform movement. Petitions 1838,40,48 for universal male suffrage, ballot vote led to riots 1839. Lovett.

Chartreuse. 1084. Isère, French first Carthusian monastery.

Chassériau, Théodore.1819-56. French portrait artist.

Chateaubriand. 1768-1848. French Romantic writer: d’Atala 1801. Memoirs d’outre-tombe.

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