Bellini, Giovanni. c1429-1516. Venetian Renaissance painter. New sensuous realism of form and color. Adoration of the Magi. St. Francis 1480.

Belloc, Hilaire. 1870-1953. French/English writer: Bad Child’s Book of Beasts 1896. Cautionary Tales 1907.

Benefit of Clergy. 1170-1827. Literates and clergy exempt from trial by English civil court. 1489- Once only, branding. Jonson.

Benin.1625 Abomey kingdom = Dahomey. 1892 France. 1895 French West Africa. 1959 Autonomous. 1960 Independent =Dahomey. 1975 =People’s Republic of Benin.

Bennett, Richard B. 1870-1947. Canadian Conservative Prime Minister 1930-5. Advocated Empire Free Trade. Imperial Conference 1932.

Bentham, Jeremy. 1748-1832. English Utilitarian philosopher, jurist. Principles of Morals and Legislation 1789. Fragment on Government 1776.“Greatest happiness for the greatest number”.

Béranger, Pierre. 1780-1857. French Republican poet and singer. Roi d’Yvetot 1813.

Berbers. Caucasian North African peoples, mostly Moslem. Nomadic since 12C Arab invasions. Almohads. Almoravids. Barbary.

Bergerac, Peace. 1577. Ends 6th French War of Religion.

Berlin Conference. 1884. Bismarck called 15 nations to resolve African issues. Congo granted independence. Slavery suppressed.

Berlin Wall. 1961-89. Soviet troops erect. US guarantees West Berlin’s freedom.

Berlioz, Hector. 1803-1869. French Romantic composer. Grandiose themes directly from feelings.Symph. Fantastique 1830. Romeo and Juliette 1839. Treatise on Orchestration 1844. Damnation of Faust 1846.

Bernadette, St. Soubirous. 1844-79. French girl. Visions at Lourdes, 1858.

Bernadotte, Jean. 1763-1844. Marshal of French Empire, became King Karl XIV Johan of Sweden 1818.

Bernanos, Georges. 1888-1948. French Catholic polemic writer against materialism. Diary of a Country Priest 1937.

Bernard, Claude. 1813-78. French physiologist and logician. Influenced Pavlov. Intro. to Experimental Medicine 1865.

Bernard of Chartres. -c1130. French Neoplatonic Idealist philosopher. Real world of eternal ideas vs apparent world of material objects.

Bernardin de St. Pierre, Jacques. 1737-1814. French writer. Propagated JJ Rousseau’s back to nature philosophy. Paul et Virginie 1788.

Bernhardt, Sarah. 1844-1923. French dramatic actress. Roles in Phèdre, La Tosca.

Berry, Jean, duc de. 1340-1416. Regent of France for Charles VI. Policies caused Peasants Revolt 1381-4. Patron of arts. Limburg.

Berthelot, Marcelin. 1827-1907. French organic chemist. Alcohol synthesis 1854. Organic Chemistry 1860.

Berthollet, Claude. 1749-1822. French chemist. Chlorine Bleach 1785. Ammonia 1785.

Bertin, Jean. 1917-75. French engineer. Jet silencers; air cushion vehicles.

Bérulle, Cardinal Pierre. 1575-1629. Founder of Oratory. ‘French’ school of spiritual thought. Congregation of priests...Lazarites. Congregationalists.

Best, Charles. 1899-1978. Canadian. insulin discoverer. Banting.

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