Pathet Lao. 1950-91. Laotian communists vs French rule in Indochina.

Paton, Alan. 1903-88. South African writer. Cry the Beloved Country 1948.

Patriotic Front. 1973-9. Guerillas for black power in Rhodesia. Mugabe. Nkomo.

Pausanius. Spartan. Drove Persians from Greece at Plataea, 479BC. Starved to death for plotting helot uprising.

Pavia, Battle. 1525. Holy Roman Empire defeats France. Madrid Treaty.

Pedro I. 1798-1834. First Emperor of Brazil 1822-31. Declared independence from Portugal. = Pedro IV of Portugal.

Peelites. 19C Free Trade Conservatives under Peel, Aberdeen.

Pelagius. c354-c425. Welsh monk. Held heretical view that God rewards the virtuous. Free will, no original sin vs Determinism. Pelagians.

Peninsular War. 1808-14. British, Spanish, Portuguese under Wellington defeat French in Iberian Peninsula.

People’s Republic. Communist government by a people’s party. Democratic mandate from popular revolution. Often Totalitarian.

Pepin II. -714. Ruler of Franks 687-. United Merovingian kingdoms by defeating Neustria 687.

Pepin the Short. c714-68. First Carolingian king of France 751-. Charlemagne’s father. Donation of Pepin.

Percier, Charles. 1764-1838. French Empire architect. Cour Carrée with Fontaine.

Perfectionism. 19C. Conversion means freedom from all sin. Noyes. Oneida.

Perrault, Charles. 1628-1703. French poet. Mother Goose 1697.

Perrault, Claude. 1613-88. French architect. Louvre Colonnade. Observatory.

Perret, Auguste. 1874-1954. French architect in reinforced concrete. Champs-Élyées Theatre.

Pershing, John. 1860-1948. US general; commanded French front 1918. WWI.

Pestalozzi, Johann. 1746-1827. Swiss educator. Modern primary education system. Paced development from familiar to new. Lienhard and Gertrude 1781-9. How Gertrude Teaches 1801.

Peter the Hermit. 1050-1115. French. Led ill-equipped army in First Crusade.

Peterloo Massacre. 1819. Peaceful Manchester demonstration for parliamentary reform suppressed by cavalry. 500 casualties. Ultra tories limit freedom of press, assembly.

Petition of Rights. 1628. Accepted by Charles I, limiting British monarch’s powers.

Phidias. c490-430BC. Greek sculptor. Parthenon frieze. 42 foot gold and ivory statue of Zeus at Olympia. 7 Wonders.

Philip I. 1052-1108. French king 1060-. Recovered Normandy for France.

Philip II. 1165-1223. French Capetian king 1179-. 3rd Crusade. Conquered Flanders. Doubled France. Fought Richard the Lion Heart for Angevin Empire.

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