Nietzche, Friedrich. 1844-1900. German philosopher. Superman doctrine. Survival of fittest. Thus Spake Zarathustra 1883-92. Will to Power influenced Fascists.

Niger. Tuareg. 7C Songhai Empire(W). 10C Berber(E). 16C Bornu Empire(SE). 17C Djerma/ Tuareg. 18C Sokoto kingdom. c1900 «French West Africa 1960 Independent.

Nigeria. c5C BC Nok. c12C Yoruba(SW). 13C Hausa(N)/Kanem-Bornu/Ibo(E). 15C Portugal reach. Slave source. 1851 British colony. 1884 British protectorate. 1960 Independent. 1963 Republic. 1993-98 Abacha military dictatorship. Biafra.

Nirvana. Hindu and Buddhist final state of freedom.

Nobel, Alfred. 1833-96. Swedish. Invented dynamite 1867. Founded Nobel Prize 1901.

Nobel Prize. Nobel legacy funded. Peace Prize and prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Literature. 1969 +Economics. . Declined: Le Duc Tho, Pasternak, Sartre.

Normandy. Rome. 911 Norse(Rollo). 1066 + England. 1204 French. 1420 English. 1450 French.

Normandy Invasion. 1944. Eisenhower’s D-Day assault of Allies on German-occupied France. WWII turning point.

Normans. 9C. Norsemen who settled in northern France, Sicily, Naples, Albania, Thessaloniki.

Norsemen. Danes, Norwegians and Swedes who colonized Britain, France, Russia, 9-11C. Also called: Northmen, Vikings, Varangians. Beseiged Paris 885.

North, Frederick. 1732-92. English Prime Minister during American Revolution.

North Africa Campaign. 1940-3. Montgomery, Alexander defeat Rommel’s Afrikan Korps.

Nostradamus. 1503-66. French astrologer. Prophesied Napoleon and Hitler.

Notables, Assembly. French deputies of states appointed by king.

Nova Scotia. Micmac. 10C Norse discover? 1497 Cabot discovers. 1605 French settle = Acadia. 1614 English. 1667 French. 1689 English. 1697 French. 1710 English. 1848 First British colony with Responsible Government. 1867 Canada.

Novara. 1513. Swiss defeat French. 1849. Austrians defeat Sardinians.

Noyon, Treaty. 1516. France cedes Naples to Spain.

Nubia. 8C BC-c300 AD. NE African kingdom conquered Egypt. Sudan.

Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. 1963. US, UK, USSR, + 100 signatories. No atmospheric, underwater, or space tests. France, China decline, continue testing.

Numidia. 3C BC-428. Country in N Africa. 46BC Rome. 428 Vandal. ≈Algeria.

OAU. Organization of African Unity. 1963. Formed to improve living standards and eliminate colonialism.

Oberon. King of the Fairies, from Huon de Bordeaux poem.

Occam, William. c1280-1349. English Franciscan Nominalist philosopher. “Science is about things, philosophy about terms and concepts”. Occam’s razor: “It is vain to do with more, what can be done with fewer” (Science or Logic). Incompatibility of knowledge and faith, 1332. Opposed Aquinas Aristotelian realism. “Universal ideas exist only in the mind”. Influenced Reformation.

Occasionalism. Will is free. God arranges that what man wills, happens. Determinism. Free Will.

Occitan. Langue d’Oc. Romance language of southern France. Dialects include Provençale, the language of the troubadours. Oil.

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