Moses. c14C BC. Hebrew leader who led his people from Egypt to Palestine. Received the Ten Commandments from God. Founded Israel.

Mother Goose. Perrault. Contes de ma mère l’oye 1697. From an old French expression = “old wives’ tales”....Mother Goose’s Melody 1781.

Moulin, Jean. 1899-1943. French patriot, founder of National Council of Resistance 1943. Tortured to death by Gestapo.

Muhammadan Era. Began 622 AD, AH 0 of Islamic Calendar. Dates from Hijrah. Christian Era.

Murat, Joachim. 1767-1815. French marshal. Led Napoleon’s coup. King of Naples 1808-.

Muret, Battle. 1213. French nobles defeat Albigenses. Spanish influence ends in S France. Montfort.

Murray, James. 1722-94. First British governor of Quebec. Supported French residents. Recalled.

Muscadins. French Royalist youth movement after the Commune.

Muslim Civil War. 656-61 Sunni Muawiya defeats Shi’ite Ali for leadership starting Umayyad dynasty. 683-92 Umayyad put down Syrian rebellion. 809-13 Iraq vs Iran. 1008-31 Moslem Spanish gain autonomy from Umayyad.

Musset, Alfred. 1810-57. French poet. Sand lover. Confession.

Nabis. 1890s. French painters opposed to Impressionism. Bold colors. Influenced Abstract Art. Bonnard. Denis.

Nadar. 1820-1910. French portrait photographer. First aerial photo 1856/8.

NAFTA. North American Free Trade Agreement. 1992. Eliminated most tarrifs in North America.

Naga. Hindu, Buddhist beings; ½ man, ½ serpent.

Namibia. Bushman. Nama, Dama. Ovambo, Herero. 1884 German protectorate. 1892 Colony = German South-West Africa. 1915 South Africa...League of Nations mandate. 1948 South Africa despite UN protest. 1990 Independent. SWAPO.

Namur, Sieges. Belgium. 1692 French capture. 1695 Dutch, English take French. 1914 Germans capture.

Nansen, Fridtjof. 1861-1930. Norwegian arctic explorer/statesman. Drifted in ship “Fram” 1895-6. Advocated independence from Sweden.

Nantes, Edict. 1598. Tolerance of Protestant faith by Henry IV. Revoked by Louis XIV, 1685 driving Huguenots from France.

Nanteuil, Robert. 1623-78. French painter, engraver.

Napoleon I, Bonaparte. 1769-1821. French general. Emperor of France by coup d’etat 1804-14. Disastrous Moscow campaign 1812. Defeated at Waterloo 1815. Exiled to St. Helena. Napoleonic Wars. Napoleonic Code. Hundred Days.

Napoleon III. 1808-73. President of French Republic 1848-52. Emperor by coup d’etat 1852-70. Defeated by Bismarck, exiled.

Napoleonic Code. 1804-. French laws standardized. Personal liberty, equality, justice, divorce, marriage, property rights. Still in use.

Napoleonic Wars. 1803-15. France conquers most of Europe until Waterloo. Paris Treaty. Wars of Coalition.

Nassau. German family which controlled the Rhine from 12C. One branch was House of Orange.

Natal. Bantu. 1497 DaGama discovers. 19C Zulu. 1838 Boer. 1843 British. 1910 South Africa.

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