Edward I. 1239-1307. King of England 1272-. Conquered Wales. Limited power of church and nobles. 1290 expelled Jews. Defined acre 1305.

Edward IV. 1442-83. First York king of England. 1461~83. Revived monarch’s power. Wars of Roses.

Epaminondas. c410-362BC. Thebian general, statesman. Defeated Sparta at Leuctra. Permanently changed balance of power.

Epirus. 3-2C BC. Powerful Greek country under King Pyrrhus.

Federalist Party. 1787-1825. US first party founded by A. Hamilton for strong central government. In power 1791-1801.

Ferdinand VII. 1784-1833. Spanish King, 1808, 1814-33. Favoured Isabella II to succeed. Carlist Wars led to loss of Spanish power and possessions.

Frederick II. The Great. 1712-86. Powerful Prussian king. Siezed Silesia from Austria. Patron of Arts. Liberal internal reforms.

French Revolutionary Wars. 1792-1802. France vs European powers who opposed Revolution. Napoleonic Wars. Coalition. Pillnitz.

Fronde. 1648-53. Revolt of French parliamentarians vs king’s power. Failure encouraged Absolutism.

Geneva 5-Power Agreement. 1932. Allowed German military buildup.

Gold Standard. 1821-1937. Definition of national currencies in terms of gold purchasing power. Ended: 1931 Britain, 1933 USA, 1936 France. Friedman. Bretton Woods.

Golden Bull. 1222. Hungary. Limited king’s powers.

Golden Bull. 1356. Charles IV edict eliminating papal power in selection of Holy Roman Emperor.

Greene, Graham. 1904-91. English cinematic thriller writer: Man Within 1929. Power and the Glory 1940. Third Man 1949. Quiet American 1955.

Hatt-i Humayun. 1856. Turkish reform act, forced by major powers, but not always enforced.

Hubertusburg Treaty. 1763. Prussia/Austria end 7 Years War. Prussia established as power.

Husak, Gustav. 1913-91. Czech leader 1968-89. Put in power by Moscow during Czech Invasion. Pres 1975-89.

India Act. 1784. Transferred control of British East India Co to Parliament. 1858. All power over India from East India Co to British crown. 1919-35. Created bicameral parliament of limited authority.

Industrial Revolution. 1730-. Transformation from agricultural to urbanized manufacturing economy as a result of steam power. 1830 England, France. 1850 Germany. 1860 USA. Blanqui. Toynbee.

Investiture Controversy. 1075-1122. Gregory VII abolished Holy Roman Emperor’s power to invest bishops. Led to war with Henry IV. Concordat of Worms.

Ivan IV. The Terrible. 1530-84. First Russian czar 1547-. Expanded Russia. Established Czar’s power.

Jacobins. 1789-94. Robespierre-led radical democratic French Revolutionary group. In power 1793-4. -“Holy League against the enemies of liberty”.

Janissaries. 1330-1826. Ottoman sultan’s powerful bodyguard. First recruited from Christian children. Massacred by Mahmud II after revolt.

Kuomintang. KMT. 1911-49. Chinese nationalist party in power 1928-49. Founded by Sun Yat-sen. Overthrew Manchu dynasty. Expelled to Taiwan by Communist Party. Chiang Kai-shek.

Ladislaus II. 1350-1434. King of Poland, 1386-. Victories made Poland a power. Merged with Lithuania. Tannenberg.

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