Lancelot. Knight of King Arthur’s Round Table. Guinevere’s lover. Galahad’s father.

Lao-tzu. =Old Philosopher. 604-531BC. Legendary Chinese philosopher. Founded Taoism. The Way of Life.

Laplace, Pierre. 1749-1827. French mathematician, astronomer. Celestial mechanics 1779-1825. Solar system origin from condensed gas.

Larousse, Pierre. 1817-75. French lexicographer. Great Universal Dictionary of the XIXth Century 1866-76.

Lauder, Harry. 1870-1950. Scot singer/composer: Roamin’ in the Gloamin’.

Lavater, Johann. 1741-1801. Swiss father of physiognomics, 1775.

Lavoisier, Antoine. 1743-94. French “father of modern chemistry”. Oxygen in combustion 1772. Guillotined.

La Voisin. Burned at the stake for selling “inheritance powder” (poison), 1680. Poisons Affair.

Lawrence, James. 1781-1813. US naval commander in War of 1812. -“Don’t give up the ship!”

Leakey, Louis. 1903-72. British anthropological archeologist. With wife Mary, discovered homo habilis and other ancient humanoid fossils.

Leaning Tower. 1174-1350. Pisa cathedral bell tower.

Lebanon. 25C BC Phoenicia. 6C BC Persia. 332 Alexander. 64BC Rome. 5C Byzantine. 7C Moslems, Maronite Christians. 11C Druse(S). 1516 Ottoman. 1861 Christian autonomy under Ottomans. 1920 French mandate. 1926 Republic under France. 1943 Independent republic. 1975-91 Civil war.

Leda. Spartan Queen. Mother of Helen, Castor, Pollux.

Legendre, Adrien. 1752-1833. French mathematician. Irrationality of pi, 1794. Elliptical integrals, 1786.

Leibniz, Gottfried. 1646-1716. German philosopher, mathematician. Invented differential and integral calculus1675, binary arithmetic 1703. Multiplication machine 1671.

Leipzig Debate. 1519. Luther vs Eck. Both claim victory.

Lemaître, Georges. 1894-1966. Belgian cosmologist. Big Bang theory of creation 1927.

Le Nain. Antoine, 1588-1648. Louis, 1593-1648. Mathieu, 1607-1677. French brothers, painters. Popular Scenes 1642.

Leninism. Applied Dialectical Materialism. World Proletariat Revolution. Dictatorship of the Proletariat, then transition to Communism. Authoritarian conspiratorial elite conscious of imperative of history. “Freedom in discussion-unity in action”.

Lenoir, Alexandre. 1761-1839. Archeologist. Founder of the Museum of French Monuments.

Leo I, St. 400-461. Pope 440-. Opposed Nestorianism, Manichaeism and other heresies.

Leo X. 1475-1521. Pope 1513-. Excommunicated Luther. Depleted treasury.

Leonidas. King of Sparta. Killed resisting Persians at Thermopylae, 480BC.

Lessing, Doris. 1919-. Iran./Rhodesian/British novelist. The Children of Violence 1964.

Lessing, Gotthold. 1729-81. German Movement dramatist. Laokoon 1765. Minna von Barnheim 1767. Nathan the Wise 1779.

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