Iris. Greek personification of the rainbow.

Isaiah. 8C BC. Hebrew prophet of the Messiah.

Ishtar. Assyrian and Babylonian goddess of love, sex, and war. Earth Mother.

Isis. Egyptian deity of the moon, nature and fertility. Sister of Osiris.

Islam. =Muhammadism. 7C-. Monotheistic religion based on Koran. 1/6 of world’s population, especially north Africa, Middle East, SW Asia. Sunni. Shi’ite. Caliphate Empire.

Isocrates. 436-338BC. Athenian orator.

Issus, Battle. 333BC. Alexander the Great defeats Persians under Darius III.

Ivan III. The Great. 1440-1505. United Russia 1478. Ended Tartar domination.

Ivan IV. The Terrible. 1530-84. First Russian czar 1547-. Expanded Russia. Established Czar’s power.

IWW. Industrial Workers of the World. 1905-. Wobblies.

Ixion. Father of Centaurs. Bound to fiery wheel by Zeus.

Jack the Ripper. Murderer of 7 London prostitutes 1887-8. Identity unknown.

Jacobins. 1789-94. Robespierre-led radical democratic French Revolutionary group. In power 1793-4. -“Holy League against the enemies of liberty”.

Jade Emperor. Taoist supreme god of the universe, lives in jade palace.

Jahn, Friedrich. 1778-1852. German “father of gymnastics”. Turnverein.

James, Henry. 1843-1916. US psychological novelist. American 1877. Washington Square 1881. Turn of the Screw 1898. Compared innocence of New World with corruption of Old.-“It takes a great deal of history to produce a little literature”.

James, St. -c62. Apostle. “Lord’s brother”. Wrote Epistle of James.

Jansen, Cornelis. 1585-1638. Dutch theologian whose theses created Jansenism. Augustinus 1640.

Jay’s Treaty. 1794. Brititish concessions to US to avoid another war doesn’t appease Americans.

Jeans, James. 1877-1946. English astronomer. Dynamic theory of gases.

Jerusalem. 3500BC settled. c1000BC David conquers for Israel. 721BC Assyrians conquer. Lost Tribes. 586BC Nebuchadnezzar. 539BC Cyrus. 332BC Alexander...320BC Ptolemy I Soter. 197BC Seleucid. 167BC Hasmonaean. 63BC Rome. 324 Byzantine. 614 Persia. 637 Moslem. 1099 Crusades. Latin Kingdom. 1187 Saladin. 1260 Mameluk. 1517 Ottoman. 1917 British Mandate. 1949 Israel/Jordan. 1967 Israel re-unites. 1996 Israel/Palestinian Authority.

Jerusalem, Synod. 1672. Eastern Orthodox Church denounces Calvinism and Lutheranism.

Jesus. c6BC-c30. Jewish prophet, believed by Christians to be the Messiah, son of God. Crucified. Resurrected. Life and death were inspiration for Christianity.

Joachim, St. Mary’s father.

Joan of Arc, St. c1412-31. Defeated English at Orléans. Burned by the English as heretic. Rehabilitated 1456.

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