Gauss, Karl. 1777-1855. German physicist, mathematician. Complex Numbers. Modern arithmetic 1801.

Gautier, Théophile. 1811-72. French poet. -“Art for art’s sake”. Mlle de Maupin 1835.

Gemayel, Amin. Lebanese President 1982-88 after brother, Bashir, president-elect, was assassinated.

Genet, Jean. 1910-86. French dramatist. Theatre of the Absurd. The Blacks 1958.

Genghis Khan. c1160-1227. Founder of the Mongol Empire. Black Sea to Pacific.

Gentili, Alberico. 1552-1608. Italian jurist. International laws on the conduct of war.

Gericault, Théodore. 1791-1824. French painter. First Romantic. Officers 1812. Raft of Medusa 1819.

German Movement. 18C Nationalist cultural movement. Lessing, Goethe, Schiller.

Gerry, Elbridge. 1744-1814. US statesman. XYZ Affair. 1812 Gerrymandering - drawing electoral boundaries to affect the outcome of an election.

Ghana, Ancient. Trading empire c300-1200. ≈southeast Mauritania + west Mali.

Ghazigi. “Warriors of the faith”. Ottoman military before Janissaries.

Ghiberti, Lorenzo. c1378-1455. Florentine naturalistic sculptor and architect. John the Baptist 1414. Florence Baptistery doors 1425-50.

Ghirlandaio, Dominico del. 1449-1494. Florentine painter. Frescoes. Birth of the Virgin 1485-90.

Gibran, Khalil. 1883-1931. Lebanese/US philosopher, writer. The Prophet 1923.

Gide, André. 1869-1951. French writer. The Counterfeiters 1926.

Glinka, Mikhail. 1804-57. First important Russian Nationalist composer. A Life for the Czar 1836.

Globe Theatre. 1599-1644. Venue for Shakespeare’s plays, London.

Goddard, Robert. 1882-1945. US “father of modern rocketry”.

Gödel, Kurt. 1906-78. Czech/US logician. Theorem, 1931, asserts that no logical system can prove all its own propositions.

Godwin, William. 1756-1836. English atheist philosopher, author. Anarchism. Cooperation is evil. Things as they Are 1794.

Goethe, Johann. 1749-1832. German writer: Meister’s Apprenticeship 1796. Faust 1808-32. Memories 1809. Sturm und Drang.

Golden Fleece, Order of. 1430. Knighthood founded by Philip the Good.

Golding, William. 1911-93. English morality novelist. Lord of the Flies 1954.

Gorgias. c400BC. Sophist. “Making the losing cause the winning one.”

Gothic Architecture. 12-15C. Began with French cathedrals and spread over N Europe. Pointed arches, rib vaulting, flying buttresses. Stability achieved with balance rather than mass. Airy lightness. St. Denis 1140. Notre Dame Cathedral. Tudor.

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