Bichat, Xavier. 1771-1802. French anatomist. “Life is the sum of the forces that restrict death.”

Big Stick Policy. Roosevelt’s foreign policy. Power as a deterrent. Mahan.

Billettes. Brothers of Charity, 14C religious order succeeded by Carmelites.

Billy the Kid. 1859-81. US frontier outlaw.

Bischoff, Theodor. 1807-82. Ger: periodic fertility, 1844.

Bjørnson, Bjørnstjerne. 1832-1910. Norwegian poet, novelist: Kongen 1877, National anthem.

Black Panthers. 1966-80. Revolutionary US political party. Bobby Seale. Huey Newton.

Blanc, Louis. 1811-82. French Utopian Socialist. Theory of equal wages. National Workshops. Organization du Travail 1839.

Blanche of Castile. 1188-1252. Mother, regent for St. Louis. Hôtel de Nesle. Helped unify France.

Blanqui, Louis. 1805-81. French militant socialist. Coined: “Dictatorship of the Proletariat”, “Industrial Revolution”, 1837. Unsuccessful uprising 1839. Commune leader. Secret societies.

Blavatsky, Helena. 1831-91. Founded Theosophical Society, 1875.

Bloch, Ernest. 1880-1959. Swiss/US neoclassical composer. Jewish themes. America 1926.

Boccaccio, Giovanni. 1313-75. Italian “father” of vernacular novel. Decameron 1348-53.

Boccioni, Umberto. 1882-1916. Italian artist. Founded Futurism. Riot in the Gallery 1909.

Bodhisattva. One who delays Buddhahood to save others. Mahayana.

Boeotian League. 550-335BC. Federal government formed by Thebes. Opposed Sparta in Corinthian War. Defeated by Philip of Macedonia, 338. Destroyed by Alexander the Great, 335.

Bogomils. 9-15C. Slavic ascetic Christian cult. All matter created by the devil.

Boito, Arrigo. 1842-1918. Italian poet, librettist: Verdi’s Othello, Falstaff.

Boleslav the Cruel. -967. Brother, murdered St. Wenceslaus to become Prince of Bohemia, 929.

Boleyn, Anne. 1507-36. 2nd Queen of Henry VIII, mother of Elizabeth I. Beheaded.

Bonaparte, Jerôme. 1784-1860. King of Westphalia 1807-13. Marshal of France. Napoleon’s brother.

Bonaparte, Joseph. 1768-1844. King of Naples 1806-8. King of Spain 1808-13. Napoleon’s brother.

Bonaparte, Louis. 1778-1846. King of Holland 1806-10. Forced to abdicate after opposing Continental System. Napoleon’s brother.

Bonaventure, St. 1217-1274. Italian Franciscan theologian.

Book of Concord. 1580. Lutheran liturgy: Apostles’ Creed, Nicene Creeds, Augsburg Confession.

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