Oecolampadius, Johannes. 1482-1531. German Reformation theologian. Drafted Confession of Basel 1531.

Oedipus. Solved the riddle of the sphynx. Killed his father and married his mother.

Oisin. (Ossian). 3C. Gaelic warrior bard. Legends of his father Finn MacCool.

Olaf V. 1903-91 King of Norway 1957-. Commanded army vs Germany in 1944, then fled to England.

Oliva, Peace. 1660. Ended First Northern War.

Olympias. c175-316BC. Wife of Philip of Macedonia. Mother of Alexander the Great.

Olympics, Modern. 1896 Athens. 1900 Paris. 1904 St. Louis. 1908 London. 1912 Stockholm. 1920 Antwerp. Summer: 1924 Paris. 1928 Amsterdam. 1932 Los Angeles. 1936 Berlin. 1948 London. 1952 Helsinki. 1956 Melbourne. 1960 Rome. 1964 Tokyo. 1968 Mexico City. 1972 Munich. 1976 Montreal. 1980 Moscow. 1984 Los Angeles. 1988 Seoul. 1992 Barcelona. 1996 Atlanta. 2000 Sydney. 2004 Athens. 2008 Beijing. Winter: 1924 Chamonix. 1928 St Moritz. 1932 Lake Placid. 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen. 1948 St Moritz. 1952 Oslo. 1956 Cortina d’Ampezzo. 1960 Squaw Valley. 1964 Innsbruck. 1968 Grenoble 1972 Sapporo. 1976 Innsbruck. 1980 Lake Placid. 1984 Sarajevo. 1988 Calgary. 1992 Albertville. 1994 Lillehammer. 1998 Nagano. 2002 Salt Lake City. 2006 Torino. Olympia.

Omar Khayyam. c1027-1123. Persian mathematician/ poet: Rubaiyat. Specific gravity of gold 1061.

Ontological Argument. God exists as the most perfect human conception.

Orange, House of. French dynasty influential in Netherlands. William I. William III.

Orestes. Electra’s brother. Killed mother and her lover to avenge death of his father, Agamemnon.

Orléans, Louis, duc d’. 1372-1407. Began Armagnac/Burgundy conflict. Assassinated by supporters of John the Fearless.

Orléans, Louis Philippe, duc d’. 1747-93. Became Citizen Égalité 1892. Joined Third Estate. Father of King Louis-Philippe.

Orlov, Grigory, Count. 1734-83. Russian lover of Catherine II; led coup vs Peter III. Advocated liberating Christians from Ottoman rule.

Ortega y Gasset, José. 1883-1955. Spanish philosopher: Terra de Nuestra Tiempo 1923. Revolt of the Masses 1929.

Ossianic Ballads. 11-18C Irish based on 3C themes of Finn MacCool. Oisin.

Ostracism. Athenian 10 year exile for disrupting stability.

Otto I. The Great. 912-73. King of Germany, 936-. Founded Holy Roman Empire, 962. Deposed Pope John XII.

Ottoman Empire. 1300-1922. Turkish empire in Balkans, Near East, N Africa. Conquered Byzantine Empire. 1402 Destroyed by Tamerlane. 1413 Rebuilt by Mehmed. 1453 Conquered Constantinople. Eastern Question. Mehmed II. Süleiman the Magnificent. Turkey.

Pacification of Ghent. 1576. Catholic, Protestant truce in Netherlands to revolt vs Spanish occupiers.

Paean. Greek physician to the gods.

Painlevé, Paul. 1863-1933. French mathematician. Prime Minister 1917,25.

Paix des Dames. Cambrai Treaty. 1529. Francis I’s mother and Charles V’s aunt negotiate halt to Italian Wars.

Pakistan. 25C BC Indus civilization. 15C BC Aryan. 6C Achaemenid. 326 Alexander. 4C BC Maurya Empire. c50 AD Kushan. 4C Gupta. 5C Hun. 8C Moslem. 11C Turks. 1206 Delhi Sultanate. 1526 Mogul. 1780 Sikh. 1840 British India. 1947 Independent. 1956 Islamic Republic. 1971 -Bangladesh.

Palladium. Sacred image of Athena protecting Troy. Stolen by Odysseus.

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