Magnus I. The Good. 1024-47. King of Norway 1035-, Denmark 1042-, uniting them. Failed in claim to England.

Mahabharata. 400BC-200 AD. Sanskrit historical and Hindu religious epic. Ramayana.

Mahler, Gustav. 1860-1911. Austrian classical Romantic symphony composer. Bridged gap between Romantics and atonalists. Resurrection Symphony 1894.

Mailer, Norman. 1923-2007. US writer. Naked and the Dead 1948. Executioner’s Song 1979. Harlot’s Ghost 1991.

Malan, Daniel. 1874-1959. South African Prime Minister 1948-54. Established Apartheid.

Malawi. c13C Chewa. 19C Yao, Ngoni. 1859 Explored by Livingstone. 1893 British protectorate. 1907 =Nyasaland. 1953 +Northern Rhodesia. 1964 Independent =Malawi. Zambia. Banda.

Malayan Emergency. 1948-60. Britain and allies defeat communist guerillas.

Malcolm III. c1031-1093. Scottish king 1058-. Killed and succeeded Macbeth.

Mallorca. Balearic Island.

Malone, Edmund. 1741-1812. English Shakespearean scholar. Exposed W Ireland.

Malraux, André. 1901-76. French novelist. La Condition Humaine 1933. Museum Without Walls 1967.

Malta. c800BC Phoenecia...Carthage. 218BC Rome. 5C Vandal/ Goth. 6C Byzantine. 870 Arab. 1090 Sicily. 1530 Knights of St. John. 1798 French. 1814 British. 1964 Indepependent. 1974 Republic. Population awarded George Cross 1942.

Malvinas Is. Argentine name for Falkland Is.

Man, Isle of. 5C Celtic. 9C Norse. 800 Tynwald. 1266 Scotland...England. 1828 Crown possession.

Mandaeanism. Persian Gnostic sect revering John the Baptist. Fertility worship.

Mandarin. Chinese official. Chinese dialect.

Mandate, League of Nations. Territory controlled by outside power. E.g. ex-German colonies, non-Turkish ex-Ottoman lands. 1946- UN Trusteeship.

Mandela, Nelson. 1918-. South African anti-Apartheid ANC leader. Jailed 1962-90. President 94-99.

Mandeville, John. 14C. English author. Travels of John Mandeville, Knight 1356.

Manorial System. (Seignorial). 11-15C. Lord grants peasant rights to till land for fixed payment.

Mansart, Jules Hardouin-. 1646-1708. French architect, city planner. Dome Church 1677. Grand Trianon 1687. Place de Vendôme.

Mantegna, Andrea. 1431-1506. Mantuan. First Renaissance painter. Frescoes.

Manu. Hindu mythical first man, and law giver.

Manuel I. 1469-1521. Portuguese king 1495-. Overseas expansion and trade.

Manzoni, Alessandro. 1785-1873. Italian Romatic writer. The Betrothed 1825-7.

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