Mugabe, Robert. 1924-. Rebel leader with Nkomo. First Prime Minister of Zimbabwe 1980-.

Muñoz Marin, Luis. 1898-1980. First elected governor of Puerto Rico 1948-63.

Murray, James. 1722-94. First British governor of Quebec. Supported French residents. Recalled.

Muscovy Company. 1555-1698. English company with monopoly on Russian trade. First joint-stock.

Mylae, Battle. 260BC. Roman navy defeats Carthaginians in first Punic War.

Nadar. 1820-1910. French portrait photographer. First aerial photo 1856/8.

Nehru, Pandit Jawaharial. 1889-1964. Congress Movement 1929-. First Indian Prime Minister 1947-. Rationalized Hindu laws.

Newcomen, Thomas. 1663-1729. First steam engine, 1706, as mine pump. Basis of Watt’s.

Newspapers.1566 Venice (first). 1594 Mercurius Gallobelgious England. 1621 Batter England. 1662 First censorship. 1690 Boston. 1702 Daily Courant, first daily.

Ngo Dinh Diem. 1901-63. Repressive anti-communist. First President of South Vietnam 1954-. Killed in coup.

Nicot, Jean. 1530-1600. French diplomat who first imported tobacco 1550.

Niepce, Nicéphore. 1765-1833. French. First permanent photographic image 1826.

Nordenskjöld, Erik. 1832-1901. Sweden. First successful navigation of North-East passage 1878-9.

Norfolk, First Duke. c1366-99. Lord Appellant. Dominated Richard II 1387-89.

North Sea Oil. 1975. First pumped.

Northern War, First. 1655-60. Sweden vs Poland and allies. Sweden wins Danish territory. Poland renounces claim to Swedish throne.

Norton, Thomas. 1532-84. First English tragedy with Sackville, in blank-verse. Gorboduc 1561.

Nova Scotia. Micmac. 10C Norse discover? 1497 Cabot discovers. 1605 French settle = Acadia. 1614 English. 1667 French. 1689 English. 1697 French. 1710 English. 1848 First British colony with Responsible Government. 1867 Canada.

Nufer, Jacob. c1500. First successful Caesarian section on living mother.

Nuremberg Eggs. 1510. First watches-by Peter Henlein.

Nyerere, Julius. 1922-99. First Tanganyika Prime Minister 1961, President 1962. Union with Zanzibar. President Tanzania 1964.

O’Higgins, Bernardo. 1778-1842. Chilean revolutionary, First president. 1818-23. Deposed.

Olaf II. c995-1030. 1015-28. Converted Norway. Patron Saint. First National legislation.

Oliva, Peace. 1660. Ended First Northern War.

Origen. c185-254. Alexandrian. Sought to justify Christianity in terms of Greek philosophy. On First Principles.

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