Helgoland Bight, Battle. 1914. British defeat Germans in first WWI naval battle.

Hennepin, Louis. 1626-1701. Missionary explorer of Great Lakes. First European to Niagara Falls.

Henry IV. 1366-1413. Rebelled vs Richard II. King of England 1399-. Consolidated government. First Lancaster.

Henry VII. 1457-1509. First Tudor King of England 1485-. Defeated Richard III at Bosworth Field, 1485. Ended War of Roses. United Lancasters, Yorks.

Heuss, Theodor. 1884-1963. First President of German Federal Republic, 1949-59.

Hillary, Sir Edmund. 1919-2008. New Zealand, first to climb Mt. Everest, 1953, with Tenzig Norgay.

Hipparchus. c190-120BC. First star catalogue. Epicyclic planetary motion around earth. Astrolabe 130.

Hippolytus, St. c170-235. Italian martyr. First Antipope, 217-.

Hiroshima. Japanese city destroyed 1945 by first A-bomb. 75000 killed.

Hospitallers, Knights. 11C-. Order of St. John. First devoted to aid of pilgrims to Holy Land. Prominent in crusades. Bought Rhodes 1309. Expelled by Ottomans, 1522. Given Malta by Charles V, 1530. Expelled by Napoleon, 1798. = Knights of Malta.

Hsia. 1994-1523BC. Legendary first Chinese dynasty.

Hugh Capet. c941-996. First of the Capetian dynasty of French kings 987-. Son of Hugh the Great.

Ibn Sa’ud. 1880-1953. Conqueror and king of Riyad 1902-, + Najd, Hasa, Asir, Hejaz; united as Saudi Arabia 1932-. Ended tribal wars. First oil wells 1933.

Idris I. 1890-1983. First Libyan king 1951-69. Coup.

Imhotep. 27C BC. Egyptian vizier, architect of First (stepped) pyramid.

Indochina War. 1946-54. Vietnamese Communists vs French and British occupying forces. =First Vietnam War.

Infallibility, Papal. 1870. Pope cannot err on matters of faith, morals. Approved by first Vatican Council after heated debate.

Instrument of Government. 1653-7. First written constitution in Europe. Established Protectorate in England. Humble Petition.

International. Socialist revolutionary workers movements. First. 1864-76. Founded by Marx in London. Second. 1889-1914. Paris. IFTU. Revived in 1920s. Third. 1919-43. =COMINTERN. Stalin’s Vehicle for world-wide Communist Revolution. Fourth. 1938-53. Trotsky’s Transitional Program for reform.

Italo-Turkish War. 1911-12. Italy gains Libya and Rhodes. 1911 First offensive use of airplane (vs Libya).

Ito Hirobumi. 1841-1909. Westernizing Japanese statesman. First Parliament 1890.

Ivan IV. The Terrible. 1530-84. First Russian czar 1547-. Expanded Russia. Established Czar’s power.

Ives, Charles. 1874-1954. First major US composer. Unconventional work anticipates 20C techniques. Very influential on later Americans. 3rd Symphony 1904.

Iyeyasu. 1542-1616. Unified Japan. First of Tokugawa dynasty.

Jamestown. 1607. First permanent English settlement in North America.

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