Crete, Battle. 1941. First German airborne invasion.

Cricket. 1598 derived from Club ball. 1877 First Test Match Australia/England.

Cristofori, Bartolomeo. 1655-1731. First piano, c1710.

Cro-Magnon Man. 30,000BC-. First Homo Sapiens.

Cross, Richard. 1823-1914. British statesman: First urban renewal act.

Crusades. 1095-1272. European Christian wars to regain Holy Land after Seljuk Turks take Jerusalem in 1072. Literature and the arts benefitted from Eastern cultural infusion. Peasants 1096. Annihilated. First. 1096-99. Genoa financed Godfrey of Bouillon to recapture Jerusalem. Only successful crusade. Second. 1147-49. Louis VII and Conrad III pillage Byzantium. Third. 1189-92. Richard I and Philip II Truce with Saladin allows access to Jerusalem. Fourth. 1202-4. French and Flemish nobles conquer, sack Constantinople, form Latin Empire. Childrens. 1212. Stephen of Cloyes led 30,000 unarmed French youths. Nicholas of Cologne led 20,000 German. All died or enslaved. Fifth. 1218-21. John of Brienne in Egypt. Sixth. 1228-29. Frederick II crowned king of Jerusalem. Seventh. 1248-54. St Louis of France captured by Egypt and ransomed. Eighth. 1270. St Louis dies of plague. Ninth. 1271-2. Prince Edward of England.

Crystal Palace. 1851. Built for the Great Exhibition, London. First iron-framed. Burned, 1936. Paxton.

Cugnot, Joseph. 1725-1804. French engineer. First steam car, 1769.

Cunard, Samuel. 1787-1865. Canadian. First regular steamship line.

Cuza, Alexandru. 1820-73. First Prince of Romania, 1859-66. Freed serfs. Educational reform.

Dalhousie, First Marquess. 1812-60. British Governor General of India 1847-56. Annexed Punjab, 1849, Rangoon, Burma. Built railway, telegraph. Lapse doctrine caused Indian Mutiny.

Dampier, William. 1651-1715. First English scientific explorer. Pirate, 1678-91. New Voyage Round the World, 1697.

Dante Alighieri. 1265-1321. Italian moralist poet. First vernacular. Banquet 1306. Divine Comedy 1321, printed 1472.

Daye, Stephen. 1594-1668. First printing press in American colonies 1639.

De Mille, Cecil B. 1881-1959. US. First US Feature film. Squaw Man 1913. Ten Commandments 1923, 1956. Epics.

De Soto, Hernando. 1500-42. Spanish explorer. First across Mississippi.

Deakin, Alfred. 1856-1919. Australian Prime Minister 1903~10. First Attorney General 1901. Led federation movement.

Deane, Silas. 1737-89. American Revolutionary. First US foreign diplomat.

Decius. c201-251. Roman Emperor 249-. First systematic persecution of Christians.

Declaration of the 26 Nations. 1942. Washington. First reference to United Nations. Agreement to no separate truce with Axis.

Delaware. “First” US state. Owasco, Delaware, Nanticoke, Assateague. 1609 English exploredl. 1631 Dutch. 1638 Swedish. 1655 Dutch. 1664 England.

Delhi Sultanate. 13-16C. First Indian Moslem Empire.

Denis, St. -250. Patron St. of France, martyred first bishop of Paris. Carried his head to St-Denis Abbey.

Diaz, Bartolomeu. c1450-1500. Portuguese. First to sail around the Cape of Good Hope in 1487/8.

Diophantus. 3C. Greek mathematician. Arithmetica First algebra text.

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