Chaplin, Charlie. 1889-1977. English silent film actor. First international film star: The Kid 1921. Modern Times 1936. Little Tramp.

Chardonnet, Comte de. 1839-1924. First Rayon factory.

Charles I, of Anjou. 1226-85. French King of Naples and Sicily 1246-. Son of Louis VIII. Harsh rule. First Angevin.

Chartreuse. 1084. Isère, French first Carthusian monastery.

Childs. Britain. First cheques 1761.

Chocolate. 1519 Cortes brings to Spain 1657 first Chocolate House. 1847 Fry: bars. 1875 Peter: Milk Chocolate.

Ciceronian Period. 70-43BC. First great age of Latin literature.

Cierva y Cordoniu, Juan de la. 1895-1936. Spanish autogyro inventor 1923. First vertical take-off 1934.

Cleisthenes. Athenian. First democratic constitution 509BC. Introduced ostracism.

Clermont Council. 1095. Proposed first Crusade.

Clive, Robert. 1725-74. Conquerer, First British governor of Bengal.

Clovis I. 465-511. Salian Frankish king 481-. Conquered N Gaul. Baptized at Reims. Moved capital to Paris in 506. First Merovingian king of France.

Coffee. 16/17C to Europe. 1650 Oxford. First coffee house.

Colchester. Pre-Roman Belgic capital. First Roman settlement in Britain.

Collins, Michael. 1890-1922. Led Easter Rebellion. First Prime Minister of Irish Free State 1922. Assassinated by extremists.

Collins, Wilkie. 1824-89. First British detective novel writer. Woman in White 1860. No Name 1862.

Columbia. US 1981. First reusable spacecraft.

Comenius, John. 1592-1670. Czech founder of direct method of language education. First use of pictures.

Conrad I. -918. First non-Carolingian king of Germany 911-.

Conscription. 1793. Carnot devised first compulsory military service for France. Used in Egypt’s Old Kingdom.

Cook, Thomas. 1808-92. English. First modern conducted tours, 1841.

Cosmological Argument. God exists as first cause.

Craig, James. 1871-1940. First Prime Minister of Northern Ireland, 1921-.

Cranmer, Thomas. 1489-1556. First Protestant Archbishop of Canterbury. Executed by Queen Mary.

Crassus, Marcus. c115-53BC. First Roman triumvirate member. Suppressed Spartacus’ slave revolt.

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