Marie Thérèse. 1638-83. Queen Consort to Louis XIV. Daughter of Philip IV. Unpaid dowry caused War of Devolution.

Marlborough, John Churchill, Duke of. 1650-1722. English general vs Louis XIV in War of Spanish Succession. Blenheim. Malplaquet. Ramillies.

Marlowe, Christopher. 1564-93. English dramatist: Tamerlane 1586. Dr. Faustus 1588-92. Edward II. May have written some of Shakespeare.

Mars. Roman god of war. = Greek Ares.

Marston Moor, Battle. 1644. English Civil War turning point. Cromwell defeats Rupert.

Martí, José. 1853-95. Led Cuban war vs Spain.

Matabele War. 1894-6. Rhodesia natives vs British. Mediated by Rhodes. Ndebele.

Matterhorn. 14,691 ft. First climbed in 1865 by Whymper.

Matthias. 1557-1619. Holy Roman Emperor 1612-. Catholic Revival led to Thirty Years War.

Maximilian I. 1459-1519. HRE 1493-. Expanded Hapsburg empire by marriage and conquest. Italian Wars.

Maximilian I. The Great. 1573-1651. Duke of Bavaria. Founded Catholic League 1609. Thirty Years War.

Mazarin, Jules. 1602-61. French Cardinal, politician. Power during Louis XIV rule, regent 1643-61. Ended 30 Years war. Defeated the Fronde 1653. Supported strong monarchy.

McAdoo, William. 1863-1941. Founded US Federal Reserve Board 1913. Raised $18B for war effort.

McKinley, William. 1843-1901. US President 1897-. Spanish American War. Gained Hawaii. Assassinated by anarchist.

Merrimack. 1862. Fought Monitor in first battle of iron-clad ships. American Civil War.

Messenian Wars. 735-715BC. Sparta dominates Messenia. 650-600BC Sparta crushes revolt.

Metaurus, Battle. 207BC. Rome defeats Carthaginian invasion in 2nd Punic War.

Mexican War. 1846-8. US acquires western territory (5 states). Guadalupe-Hidalgo. 1861-4. Napoleon III conquers Mexico, installs Emperor Maximilian.

Mexican War of Independence. 1810-21. Hidalgo leads indep from Spain. Iturbide.

Middleton, Thomas. 1570-1627. English satiric dramatist. Changeling 1622. Woman Beware Women 1621.

Miguel, Dom. 1802-66. Pretender to Portuguese throne 1828- causes Civil War 1831-4.

Military Conversations. 1906-14. English, French military staff prepare for war with Germany.

Militia Ordinance. 1642. Parliament takes over Militia. English Civil War.

Minden, Battle. 1759. Prussia and Britain defeat French. Seven Years War.

Miranda Decision. 1966. US Supreme Court protects rights vs self-incrimination. Required police warning, “You have the right to remain silent...”.

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