Tractarian Movement. Oxford Movement. 1833- Named after Tracts for the Times. Condemned at Oxford 1841.

Transcendental Meditation. Based on Vedas. Modern movement established by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi 1958.

Transkei. Bantu territory of South Africa. 1962 Self government. 1976 Independence recognized, but only by South Africa.

Transvaal. Bantu. 1836 Boers settle. Great Trek. 1855 South African Republic. 1877 British. 1881 Self-government. 1900 British. 1907 Self-governed. 1910 Union of South Africa.

Trasimeno, Battle. 217BC Victory of Hannibal over Romans.

Triennial Act. 1640. Charles I agrees to call parliament every 3 years. 1694. New election every 3 years.

Trotskyists. 1965-75. Revolutionary radical-left syndicalist movements propounding Trotsky’s theory of permanent revolution.

Truman, Harry S. 1884-1972. US president, 1945-53. Decided to drop A-Bomb. Potsdam. NATO. Korean War. Taft-Hartley. Fair Deal.

Tubman, William. 1895-1971. Liberia. President 1941-. Women’s and native suffrage. School system.

Turkmanchay, Treaty. 1828. Persia cedes Armenia, ending Russo-Persian War 1826-8.

Turkmenistan. 4CBC Alexander. 7C Arabs. 13C Golden Horde. 15C Persia/Uzbek. 1881 Russia. 1925 Turkemistan SSR. 1991 Independent. CIS. Niyazov.

Turnverein. 1811. German Nationalist gymnastic movement vs Napoleon. Jahn.

Tutankhamen. Egyptian pharaoh 1361-52BC. Restored traditions after Amarna Revolution. Tomb opened 1922.

Twain, Mark. (Samuel Clemens) 1835-1910. US humorist: Innocents Abroad 1869. Tom Sawyer 1876. Huckleberry Finn 1885.

26th of July Movement. 1956-9. Castro rebels in Cuban Revolution. Named for date of failed attack on Santiago barracks 1953.

Two Sicilies. Naples and Sicily. All Italy south of papal states. 11C Norman. 12C HRE. 1282 Angevin(N)/Aragon(S). 1443 Aragon. 1495-1504 French(N). 1713 Austria(N) /Savoy(S). 1734 Spain. 1759 Independent Bourbon. 1799-1802 France. 1861 Italy.

Tynwald. 800- Isle of Man parliament, supreme court.

Ulster Peace Movement. 1976-. Protestant and Catholic women attempt to end Northern Ireland violence.

Ultraismo. 1918-30. Spanish Symbolist poetry movement. Free verse, daring imagery.

Ultramontanism. 15-19C. Roman Catholic movement for papal authority. Gallicanism.

Uncle Sam. Personification of US government first appeared in Troy Post based on “Uncle” Sam Wilson who supplied army beef stamped US 1813.

Union Act. 1707. England and Scotland united as Great Britain. One parliament; separate law and religion. 1801-1921. Ireland and Great Britain united as United Kingdom. Proposed by Irish Parliament 1799. Ireland Act. Anglo-Irish Treaty.

United Irishmen. 1791. Underground organization founded by Wolfe Tone. Irish Rebellion 1797-98.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights. 1948. United Nations list of rights to be accorded people by their governments. Rejected by USSR, China, Poland, Yugoslavia, Ukraine, South Africa, Saudi Arabia, many Moslem countries. Signed by Russia, 1996.

Urartu. 13-7C BC Kingdom in eastern Turkey. Conquered by Sargon. c600BC Armenians.

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