Settlement, Act of. 1701. British established Protestant Hanover succession. Limited monarch’s powers.

Settlement, Pale of. 1792-1917. SW region of Russia where Jews allowed to settle, travel.

Seven Oaks Massacre. 1816. Northwest Company. agents kill 20 settlers in Red River rivalry with Hudson Bay Company. Settlement destroyed.

Shapur II. 309-379. Persian king. Halted Roman invasion. Acquired Armenia.

Sherman Silver Purchase Act. 1890-3. US increases silver purchases. Fears of gold standard abandonment started 1893 Panic.

Sherrington, Charles. 1857-1952. British experimental physiologist.

Short Parliament. 1640. England. Refused king taxes because of grievances.

Siemens, Werner von. 1816-92. German engineer. Dynamo 1867. Electric Locomotive 1879.

Sigurdsson, Jon. 1811-79. Icelandic statesman. Led self-government movement.

Sikorski, Wladyslaw. 1881-1943. Polish general, Prime Minister. Headed WWII government in exile.

Simenon, Georges. 1903-89. Belgian writer of political and detective novels. Commissaire Maigret.

Singapore. 13-14C Malay city. 1377 Javanese destroy. 1819 Raffles refounds. 1867 «Straits Settlements. 1942-45 Japanese occupy. 1946 British Crown Colony. 1963 Federation of Malaysia. 1965 Independent republic.

Sinn Fein. 1905. (=Ourselves Alone). Irish Nationalist movement. 1916 uprising. Founded Irish Free State. Legalized as political party in Northern Ireland, 1974. Political wing of IRA. De Valera.

Sistine Chapel. 1473. Vatican. Walls by Botticelli, Ghirlandaio; ceiling by Michelangelo 1508-12. Last Judgement 1534-41.

Six Articles, Statute. 1539-1547. Henry VIII’s statement of Church of England doctrine. Persecuted both adamant Catholics and Protestants.

Six Dynasties. 220-589. Chinese period. Buddhism, Taoism, technical developments. Tea. Gunpowder.

Slavophile. 19C Russian intellectual movement. Believed in superiority of Russian culture.

Socialism. 19C-. Movement opposing Liberalism, Capitalism. Advocates equal rights, just distribution of property, well-being of proletariat through reform or revolution. Utopia.

Socialism, Utopian. Saint-Simon’s concept of government redistributing wealth according to capacity and performance.

Solferino, Battle. 1859. Victor-Emmanuel gains Lombardy during Risorgimento. Carnage leads to Red Cross.

Solidarity. 1980. Polish workers movement led by Walesa. Martial Law 1981-83. Democratic elections 1989.

Spencer, Herbert. 1820-1903. English evolutionist philosopher. “Survival of the fittest.” Associationism. Anti-socialism, “Best government is the least government.” The Synthetic Philosophy 1860-96. Liberal Utilitarianism.

St-Gervais-St-Protais. 1616-21. Church by Métezeau. First classical style building in Paris.

St Peter’s. 1506-1615. Vatican Basilica. World’s largest. Tomb of St Peter. Bramante. Michelangelo. Raphael. Model for many government buildings.

Stakhanovism. 1935. Soviet movement to increase workers’ output. Rewards for exceeding quota.

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