Basel, Confessions. 1531, 1536. Statements of Reformation doctrines.

Bathsheba. Old Testament Hittite Wife of David, mother of Solomon.

Beccaria, Cesare. 1738-94. Italian writer. Treatise on Crime and Punishment 1764. Influenced 19C penal reform and capital punishment.

Beelzebub. New Testament prince of Demons. Satan.

Beghards. 13C. Catholic men’s charitable communities. Condemned 1311.

Begin, Menachem. 1913-91. Polish/Israeli. Prime Minister, 1977-83. Camp David Accords. Sadat.

Béguines. 12C- Belgian Catholic women’s charitables communities. Condemned 1311. Still exist.

Belize. 4-9C Maya. 17C Buccaneers. 17C English settle. 17,18C Slaves brought. 1862 Colony =British Honduras. 1964 Self-government. 1973 =Belize. 1981 Independent.

Belle Epoque. 1885-1900. Time of flourishing arts and entertainment in Paris. Moulin Rouge.

Benedict XIV. 1675-1758. Pope 1740-. Promoted arts, learning during Enlightenment.

Bentham, Jeremy. 1748-1832. English Utilitarian philosopher, jurist. Principles of Morals and Legislation 1789. Fragment on Government 1776.“Greatest happiness for the greatest number”.

Berlin Congress. 1878. Bulgaria divided, independence for Romania, Serbia. Turkey gains Macedonia. Russia gains Armenia. Britain gains Cyprus. Revised San Stefano treaty.

Bernard, Claude. 1813-78. French physiologist and logician. Influenced Pavlov. Intro. to Experimental Medicine 1865.

Berserks. Ferocious medieval Norse warriors in bearskins.

Biddle, John. 1615-62. Founded Unitarianism. 12 Arguments 1644.

Biedermeier. 1815-35. German bourgeois kitsch style of sentimental art and utilitarian furniture. Circular pedestal table.

Biological Weapons Convention. 1972. Britain, US, USSR agreement to ban germ warfare.

Bishops’ Wars. 1639. Scots vs Charles’ Anglicanism. 1640. Covenanters force Charles to call Long Parliament.

Bizet, Georges. 1838-75. French composer: Carmen 1875.

Bjorko Treaty. 1905. Unimplemented military alliance between German Wilhelm II and Russian Nicholas II.

Black Code. 1685. Louis XIV edict on treatment of slaves in French colonies.

Black Codes. 1865-6. Strict US local laws to control blacks based on slave codes. Freedmen. Jim Crow.

Black Hundreds. 1905-9. Russian movement. Opposed revolution. Persecuted Jews-50,000 dead.

Black Muslims. 20C US movement to apply Islam to Black life. Malcolm X.

Black Nationalism. 1960-73. US political movement for economic power.

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