Pitt, William, the Elder. 1708-78. English statesman, Prime Minister 1756~68. Pursued Seven Years War. “The Great Commoner”.

Prague, Battle. 1757. Austria defeats Prussia in Seven Years War.

Prague, Peace of. 1635. Ends Swedish phase of Thirty Years War.

Quebec, Battle. 1759. British defeat French in Seven Years War. 1775 Quebec Campaign.

Republic French. 1792-1804 First. 1848-52 Second. Napoleon III. 1870-1940 Third. 1946-58. Fourth. 23 governments in 12 years. 1958-. Fifth. DeGaulle.

Rodney, George. 1718-92. British admiral. Seven Years War. American Revolution.

Seven Years War. 1756-63. France, Russia, Austria vs England, Prussia who retain Silesia, emerge as major power. French colonial power reduced. England gains New France, India. French-Indian Wars.

Simeon, St. c390-459. Syrian ascetic hermit. Spent 30 years on top of a pillar.

Soranus. 1-2C. Greek gynecologist. Described contraception. Dominated medicine 1500 years.

Ten Years’ War. 1868-78. Failed Cuban rebellion vs Spain. Virginius Affair.

Tewkesbury, Battle. 1471. Yorkists regain English throne for 12 years.

Thirty Years’ Peace. 445-415BC Ended First Peloponnesian War.

Thirty Years War. 1618-48. Protestant revolt vs Holy Roman Empire involving most European states. Peace of Westphalia. Spain, HRE lose influence; Denmark finished as power; France dominant; Sweden controls Baltic. Religious toleration. Use of muskets, canons developed.

Tilly, Graf von. 1559-1632. Flemish commander of Catholic League in Thirty Years War.

Tours, Truce. 1444-49. Break in Hundred Years War.

Triennial Act. 1640. Charles I agrees to call parliament every 3 years. 1694. New election every 3 years.

Ulm, Treaty. 1647. France-Sweden truce with Bavaria in Thirty Years War.

Urban VIII. 1568-1644. Pope 1623-. Supported France in Thirty Years War.

Val-de-Grace. Paris. 1645-1667. Built by Anne of Austria to thank God for birth of Louis XIV after 23 childless years of marriage. Mansart.

Vaucreuil, Cavagnal, Marquis de. 1698-1765. Governor of New France. Surrendered to Britain 1760. Seven Years War.

Virginius Affair. 1873. Spain siezes US flagged Cuban ship, Virginius. Executes 53 for smuggling arms to Cuba during Ten Years War. Indemnity paid to US, Great Britain.

Wallenstein, Albrecht von. 1583-1634. Bohemian HRE general in Thirty Years War.

Westphalia, Peace of. 1648. Conclusion of the Thirty Years War between Germany, France, and Sweden and Spanish-Dutch 80 Years War. Formal recognition of Swiss independence. Dutch independence. HRE weakened. Religious toleration. Confirmed Augsburg.

White Mountain, Battle. 1620. First battle of Thirty Years War. Catholic League defeats Bohemian nobles.

Wittstock, Battle. 1636. Sweden defeats Holy Roman Empire in Thirty Years War.

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