Peking Protocol. 1901-43. European powers control Peking. Boxer Rebellion indemnity to be paid.

Quebec Conference. 1864. Basis of British North America Act. 1943. Allied leaders plan European landings. 1944. Churchill, Roosevelt decide on two war fronts-criticized for allowing Soviets to take Berlin.

Romance Languages. European languages deriving from Latin.

Romany. Indo-European language of Gypsies. No written form.

Santo Domingo. Dominican Republic. 1496- Oldest continuous European settlement in western Hemisphere.

Schuman, Robert. 1886-1963. French Prime Minister 1947-8. 1950 plan to pool European resources led to EEC.

Slavery. Babylon. Egypt. Greece. Rome. European colonies 1440s-19C. 1502 First blacks shipped to America. 1562- Trade. 1807 abolished in Britain, 1833 throughout Empire. 1816 Morocco abolished Christian slaves. 1851 Colombia, 1861 USA, 1930 Liberia. 2001 27M slaves in Mauritania, Sudan, Asia, Brazil.

Taiwan. Indonesians. 1590 Portugal discovers = Formosa. 17C Dutch/Spanish settle. 1662 Chinese settle, expel Europeans. 1895 Japan. 1945 China. 1949 Independent as Republic of China. 1971 United Nations gives Taiwan’s seat to People’s Republic of China.

Thirty Years War. 1618-48. Protestant revolt vs Holy Roman Empire involving most European states. Peace of Westphalia. Spain, HRE lose influence; Denmark finished as power; France dominant; Sweden controls Baltic. Religious toleration. Use of muskets, canons developed.

Venezuelan Claims. 1902-7. European countries blockade ports to press for loan repayment.

Verner, Karl. 1846-96. Danish philologist of Indo-European languages. Phonetics 1875.

Western European Union. 1948. Britain, France, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg. 1954 +Italy, Germany. 50 year treaty. NATO. European Defense Community.

White Australia Policy. 1901-72. Anti-non-European immigration policies.

Yiddish. 12C- European Jewish language from High German+Hebrew+Slavic.

Achaean League. 5-4C BC. Greek towns in common defence against pirates in Gulf of Corinth. 280-146BC. Model for federal government. Created to fight Macedonia. Dissolved by Romans.

ANZUS, Pact. 1951. Australia, NZ, US mutual defence in Pacific.

Arab League. 1945. Non-aggression and cooperation treaty of Arab states. Collective Treaty of Defence, 1950, to defend against Israeli aggression.

Balkan Entente. 1934-9. Greece, Turkey, Romania, Yugoslavia mutual defence pact.

Baltic Entente. 1923-39. Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania agreement for mutual defence vs Germany and Russia.

Bellay, Joachim du. 1522-60. French poet. Defence of French Language 1549 was Pléiade manifesto.

Cassino. 1944. Town, monastery destroyed in German defence of route to Rome.

CENTO. 1955-79. Central Treaty Organization. Based on Baghdad Pact 1955. Turkey, Iran, U.K., Palestine defence.

Defence of India Act. 1915. Britain. Caused Noncooperation Movement.

German Confederation. 1815-66. 39 states allied for mutual defence. Dominated by Austria.

Judo. 19C-.Oriental self defence not in conflict with non-violent religion. Modification of jujitsu.

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