Sherman Anti-Trust Act. 1890 US. Prohibits monopolies, restraint of trade.

Shinto. Japanese state religion 1769-. All things are holy. Ancestor worship.

Shu Han. 221-264. Western China dynasty. Conquered by Wei.

Siegfried Line. 1937-40 German fortifications on western frontier = West Wall. Also, part of Hindenburg Line.

Sieyès, Joseph. 1748-1836. French abbé. What is the Third Estate? called for democracy 1789. Drafted Declaration of the Rights of Man. Helped organize Napoleon’s coup.

Singapore. 13-14C Malay city. 1377 Javanese destroy. 1819 Raffles refounds. 1867 «Straits Settlements. 1942-45 Japanese occupy. 1946 British Crown Colony. 1963 Federation of Malaysia. 1965 Independent republic.

Sinn Fein. 1905. (=Ourselves Alone). Irish Nationalist movement. 1916 uprising. Founded Irish Free State. Legalized as political party in Northern Ireland, 1974. Political wing of IRA. De Valera.

Siva. 4 armed 3 eyed Hindu god of destruction and restoration.

Six Articles, Statute. 1539-1547. Henry VIII’s statement of Church of England doctrine. Persecuted both adamant Catholics and Protestants.

Six Day War. 1967. Israel wins Sinai, Golan Heights, Gaza, Old Jerusalem, West Bank. Opened Gulf of Aqaba.

Slansky Trial. 1952. Jewish Czech communists purged during Stalin anti-semitism. Those executed were restored to party membership 1968.

Sluis, Battle. 1340. French fleet destroyed by English.

Smith, John. c1580-1631. English adventurer saved by Pocahontas. Founded Jamestown.

Snellman, Johan. 1806-81. Finnish nationalist. Established national language.

Social Contract. Hobbes political philosophy. Compact between ruler and ruled. Locke.

Social Darwinism. 19C theory that social man is subject to the “survival of the fittest”.

Social Democratic Party. 1863. Oldest German political party. Marxist to 1959. Now less radical.

Socrates. c470-399BC. Greek philosopher. Knowledge is the key to influencing destiny. Ignorance leaves one subject to fate. Socratic method of teaching by dialog. Dialectic. Condemned for impiety and corrupting the young - drank hemlock. “Know thyself”.

Sodom. c1900BC. Biblical city destroyed for wickedness. Gomorrah.

Songhai. 15-16C. West African trading empire.

South Africa. 1910 Britain unites possessions: Cape of Good Hope + Natal + Orange Free State + Transvaal = Union of South Africa. Constitution included white supremacy. 1920 +German South-West Africa by mandate. 1948 Apartheid. 1961 = Republic of South Africa; left Commonwealth. 1990 -Namibia 1994 ANC gains power.

South West Africa. German South-West Africa. Namibia.

Spanish Sahara. 1884 Protectorate. 1958 Spanish province. 1976 Mauritania/Morocco. Western Sahara.

Sparta. 9C BC-396. A dominant Greek city-state 6-4C BC. Peloponnesian War defeated rival Athens. 396 Visigoths destroy.

Spencer, Herbert. 1820-1903. English evolutionist philosopher. “Survival of the fittest.” Associationism. Anti-socialism, “Best government is the least government.” The Synthetic Philosophy 1860-96. Liberal Utilitarianism.

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