Royal Scots Guards. 1633. Oldest regular regiment in British Army.

Rudolf II. 1552-1612. Holy Roman Emperor 1576-. Ended toleration of Protestants.

Russell, Bertrand. 1872-1970. English mathematician, liberal philosopher, logician, pacifist. Believed in human reason. Founded CND. Principles of Mathematics 1910-13. History of Western Philosophy 1945.

Russian Revolution. 1905. Led to Duma, Constitution and end of Mir system. Police gradually regained authority. October Manifesto. Bloody Sunday. 1917 Feb: Liberal republicans overthrow Czar. Oct: Lenin’s Bolsheviks overthrow Kerensky’s Provisional Government, withdraw from WWI.

Rutherford, Ernest. 1871-1937. NZ/English physicist. Beta rays 1899, Nuclear theory of atom1911.

Saar. Former Palatinate. 1919 League of Nations mandate. 1935 Germany. 1945 French occupy. 1948 Autonomous. 1957 West Germany.

Sabellianism. 3C Christian heresy. Trinity is 3 manifestations of one Godhead.

Sadducees. -70. Jewish priest class vs Pharisees. Followed Torah and not oral law.

Safavids. 1501-1736. Moslem dynasty. Led Persia to power. Established Shi’a Islam as state religion.

Salesbury, William. c1520-84. Welsh lexicographer. Translated New Testament to Welsh 1567.

Salians. Dynasty. Ruled HRE 1024-1125. Investiture Controversy with pope.

Salpêtrière. 1656. Established by Louis XIV to care for the 55,000 beggars on the streets of Paris. Pinel.

Samoa. Melanesians. 1722 Dutch explore. 1830 British settle. 1856 German trade. 1899 Germany(W)/ USA(E) becomes Western Samoa, American Samoa.

Samson. Old Testament Israelite judge, prophet. Lost sight and strength when Delilah cut off his hair.

Samuel. c11C BC. Israelite judge, prophet. Established Hebrew monarchy.

San Francisco, Peace. 1951. Japanese 1854 borders restored.

San Marino. 301 St Marinus the Dalmation settles. 1463 expanded. 1600 Constitution. Oldest, smallest independent republic.

San Remo Conference. 1920. Treaty of Sèvres.

Sanctuary, Right of. Established 4C Rome. England until 1623 (criminal), 18C (civil). Europe until 1789. Asylum in church for 1 month.

Santo Domingo. Dominican Republic. 1496- Oldest continuous European settlement in western Hemisphere.

Sarah. Old Testament figure. Abraham’s wife. Isaac’s mother.

Sargon II. King of Assyria c722-705BC. Destroyed kingdom of Israel. Conquered Samaria, Babylon.

Sassanids. 224-. Last Persian dynasty before Moslem conquest 637-51.

Saturn. Roman god of agriculture and civilization. = Cronus. Saturnalia festival influenced Christmas.

Savonnerie. 1604-1826. Royal French carpet makers incorporated into Gobelins.

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