Benavente y Martinez, Jacinto. 1866-1954. Spanish dramatist: Bonds of Interest 1907.

Benin.1625 Abomey kingdom = Dahomey. 1892 France. 1895 French West Africa. 1959 Autonomous. 1960 Independent =Dahomey. 1975 =People’s Republic of Benin.

Benjamin. Youngest son of Jacob and Rachel. Led 1 of 10 Lost Tribes.

Bentham, Jeremy. 1748-1832. English Utilitarian philosopher, jurist. Principles of Morals and Legislation 1789. Fragment on Government 1776.“Greatest happiness for the greatest number”.

Bentley, Richard. 1662-1742. English classical scholar. Restored texts. Editions of Horace, Terence, Aesop.

Berengar of Tours. c999-1088. Questioned transubstantiation 1044.

Beresteczko, Battle. 1651. Poland defeats Ukraine Cossacks who then ally with Russia.

Berlin Wall. 1961-89. Soviet troops erect. US guarantees West Berlin’s freedom.

Berlioz, Hector. 1803-1869. French Romantic composer. Grandiose themes directly from feelings.Symph. Fantastique 1830. Romeo and Juliette 1839. Treatise on Orchestration 1844. Damnation of Faust 1846.

Bermuda. 1511 Spain discovers. 1609 Shipwrecked British settle, inpiring Tempest. 1617-1834 Slavery. 1968 Autonomous British Colony. 1995 Referendum rejects independence.

Bernadette, St. Soubirous. 1844-79. French girl. Visions at Lourdes, 1858.

Bernadotte, Folke. 1895-1948. UN mediator in Palestine, assassinated by Jewish terrorists.

Bernanos, Georges. 1888-1948. French Catholic polemic writer against materialism. Diary of a Country Priest 1937.

Bernardin de St. Pierre, Jacques. 1737-1814. French writer. Propagated JJ Rousseau’s back to nature philosophy. Paul et Virginie 1788.

Bernstein, Leonard. 1918-90. US conductor/ composer. West Side Story 1957.

Bérulle, Cardinal Pierre. 1575-1629. Founder of Oratory. ‘French’ school of spiritual thought. Congregation of priests...Lazarites. Congregationalists.

Best, Charles. 1899-1978. Canadian. insulin discoverer. Banting.

Bevin, Ernest. 1881-1951. British labour leader, statesman. TUC. Initiated Colombo Plan.

Bible. Hebrew and Christian sacred scriptures translated from Hebrew and Aramaic. 3C BC Greek translation. 1382 Wycliffe, Rogers, English. 1522-34 Luther, German. 1611 King James version. Vulgate by St. Jerome. Apocrypha.

Bichat, Xavier. 1771-1802. French anatomist. “Life is the sum of the forces that restrict death.”

Biedermeier. 1815-35. German bourgeois kitsch style of sentimental art and utilitarian furniture. Circular pedestal table.

Binet, Alfred. 1857-1911. French. Invented intelligence test 1905. Projective testing 1903.

Black and Tans. 1920-22. Brutal British police sent to suppress Irish unrest. Irish Free State.

Black Hawk War. 1832. US decimates Sauk/Fox tribes. Illinois, Iowa Indians flee west.

Blackbeard (Edward Teach). -1718. English pirate in West Indies.

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