Eck, Johann. 1486-1543. Opposed Luther, Protestantism.

Edward VI. 1537-53. King of England and Ireland, 1547-. Protestant reform. Named Jane Grey as successor.

Edward the Confessor, St. c1003-66. Anglo Saxon king 1041-. Founded Westminster Abbey. Conquered Wales. Died without heir, prompting Norman Invasion.

Egmont, Graaf van. 1522-68. Flemish. Opposed Protestant persecution. Execution led to revolt vs Spain.

Electra. Legendary Greek spirit who killed her mother, Clytemnestra to venge the murder of her father, Agamemnon.

Elgar, Edward. 1857-1934. Choral composer. Established a new English tradition: Dream of Gerontius 1900, Apostles 1903, Kingdom 1906.

Elizabeth I. 1533-1603. Queen of England, 1558-. Stable, prosperous reign of literature and art. Restored Protestantism. Supported them abroad.

Empire of the West. 286-476. Rome and Western part of Roman Empire. Ends 476, Romulus Augustulus deposed.

Empire of the West. 800-. State founded by Charlemagne, continued to 1806 as the Holy Roman Empire. Succeeded Roman Emperor of the West. Split Eastern kingdoms.

Empire State Building. 1930. New York.

Engels, Friedrich. 1820-95. German socialist philosopher. Communist Manifesto 1848. Marx. Coined “Industrial Revolution” 1845. Finished Das Kapital 1894.

England. c1800BC Beaker folk. 8C BC Celt. 150BC Belgae. 55BC-407 Rome. 5C Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy. 9C Dane(N,E). 10C A-S/Dane. 1042 Anglo-Saxon. 1066 Norman. 1204 -Normandy. 1707 Great Britain. 1801 United Kingdom.

Enoch. Eldest son of Cain.

Eolithic. 750,000-250,000BC. Earliest stone age.

Ephesus, Council. 431. Nestor debates Cyril. Monophysitism adopted.

Epiphenomenalism. Mind exists only as a process within the physical system of matter. Cannot exist without it. Hobbes.

Erasmus, Desiderius. c1466-1536. Dutch Humanist ecclesiastic reform writer. Published first New Testament based on Greek, 1516. Reason over ignorance and superstition. Opposed Luther. Praise of Folly. Enchiridion: Christ requires of us nothing but a pure and sincere life.

Eretria. Greek city. Destroyed 490BC by Persia.

Erhard, Ludwig. 1897-1977. West German Economic Minister 1948-63. Chancellor 1963-6. Architect of economic recovery.

Erik the Red. Norwegian explorer, discovered Greenland c985. Established First colony.

Est. 1C. Tribe which settled Estonia.

Estates General. States General.

Esterhazy, Ferdinand. 1847-1923. French. Sold secrets to Germans. Blamed Dreyfus.

Esther. Old Testament Persian Queen. Saved Jews from extinction.

Estonia. c1000BC Aesti. 9C- Vikings invade. 11,12C Russia, Denmark, Sweden invades. 1219 Denmark. 1346 Teutonic Knights buy. 16C Sweden/Poland/Denmark divide. 17C Sweden. 1721 Russian. 1918 Independent. 1919-33 Unstable governments. 1924 Failed Bolshevik revolution. 1934 Päts coup. 1940 USSR. 1991 Independent.

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